(Seneca) نے بڑے خوبصورت انداز میں کہا تھا کہ اچھی چیزوں کی خواہش کی جاتی ہے جو خوشحالی سے تعلق رکھتی ہیں لیکن اچھی چیزیں جو نحوست سے تعلق رکھتی ہیں ان کی تعریف بھی کرنی چاہیے۔ یقینا اگر فطرت پر دسترس ہو جائے تو معجزات ہو سکتے ہیں۔ اور یہ زیادہ آفت میں ہی ظاہر ہوتے ہیں ایسی بات کوئی کافر نہیں کر سکتا۔ یہ ایک سچی عظمت ہے کہ آدمی اقرار کر لے کہ وہ کمزور پیدا کیا گیا ہے۔ تاہم وہ اللہ کی اس سلطنت میں فکروں اور پریشانیوں سے آزاد رہے۔ یہ شاعری میں ہی بہتر طور پر ہو سکتا ہے کیونکہ وہاں قوت تخیل کو بہت زیادہ آزادی ہے ۔ اور بلاشبہ شاعر حضرات اس میں مصروف ہوتے ہیں ۔ اس چیز کے اثرات جو کہ قدیم شاعروں نے عجیب و غریب بناوٹی کہانیوں میں پیش کئے ہیں جو کہ راز معلوم ہوتے ہیں نہیں بلکہ حقیقت میں اس مسیحی کی حالت تک کچھ رسائی ہونی چاہیے ۔ Hercules جب Prometheusکو چھوڑانے جاتا ہے جو کہ انسانی فطرت کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔ وہ ایک عظیم سمندر کو مٹی کے گھڑے کےذریعے پار کرتا ہے۔
مسیحی کا مصمم ارادہ بڑی خوبصورتی سے بیان ہوتا ہے کہ وہ اپنے کمزور جسم کے ساتھ اس دنیا کی بڑی بڑی موجوں میں اپنا بحری سفر کرتا ہے۔ لیکن یہ کسی قیاس آرائی کے بغیر ہے ۔ خوشحالی کی خیر ضبط نفس ہے جبکہ آفت کی خیر صبر و استقلال ہے۔ اخلاقیات کے اصولوں کے مطابق صبر و استقلال ، ضبط نفس سے زیادہ بڑی خیر ہے۔ خوشحالی تو رات مقدس کی ایک نعمت ہے جبکہ نحوست یا آفت انجیل مقدس کی نعمت ہے۔ جس میں بہت زیادہ نعمتیں ہیں اور یہ خدا کی واضح ہمدردیوں کا اظہار ہے۔ تاہم تو رات مقدس میں اگر آپ...
This study combines three orientations, namely existential thought about the meaning of ‘being’ and ‘existence, ’ phenomenological insights into ‘lived experience, ’ and anthropological endeavor at what it means to be human. It attempts to focus on the human conditions by directly engaging with human beings. Specifically guiding itself with the questions such as how young people engage in the meaning-making of their lived experiences in their life course’s ever-changing process. Taking its theoretical insights and inspiration from existential and phenomenological anthropology, by zooming in on lived experiences, the research was conducted using life story interviews to collect the narratives to gain understandings into the life-worlds as it is lived and made sense of by young people of Tando Ghulam Ali, a rural town of District Badin, Sindh. Based on the ethnographic data and observations, it is argued that the meaning-making of lived experiences was different among research participants with a strong presence of selfhood and self-consciousness temporally and affectively; the difference in orientation towards life is entangled with personal history as well. This research went beyond the horizons of culture and society to put existence, life, and being, which are silhouetted at meta-level, at the heart of anthropological focus. This research is an experimental research project in anthropology, which has attempted to step its foot into the human condition's terra incognita, which calls for anthropologists’ further exploration.
Low available zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentrations in about 50% of the global land resulted in Zn and Fe deficiency of cereal grains. Nitrogen (N) fertilization not only increase the wheat grain yield but also facilitate the uptake of Fe and Zn in wheat grain. Improving N availability to plants brings significant increase in shoot Fe content and uptake and accumulation of Zn in wheat plants. Thus, an experiment was conducted at the Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Noweshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to study the response of wheat to N, Zn and Fe (micro-nutrients, MN) application. Treatments included three levels of N (90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1), three concentrations of Zn and Fe (i.e. 1, 2, 3 kg ha-1) each along with two controls i.e. no micro nutrients no water (unsprayed check) and no micro nutrients + water (sprayed check). The N was soil applied and MN was applied as foliar spray at booting stage. The experiment was arranged in RCBD, with four replications. Days to anthesis, leaf area tiller-1, leaf area index, plant height, days to physiological maturity, spike m-2, grains spike-1, thousand-grains weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain Zn-concentration, grain Fe-concentration, grain protein content, grain gluten content were significantly increased by both N and Zn while the same parameters except days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity and spike m-2 were also significantly enhanced by using Zn. The use of Zn (3 kg ha-1) and Fe (1 kg ha-1) with 120 kg ha-1 of N significantly improved the grain yield (34.6%) of wheat over unsprayed check. The use of Zn and Fe at the rate of 3 kg ha-1 each with 150 kg ha-1 of N improved the grain quality parameters i.e. grain protein (24.5%), grain gluten (23%) and Fe content (29%) of wheat grains over unsprayed check. Application of Zn and Fe at the rate of 3 and 1 kg ha-1, respectively with 150 kg ha-1 of N resulted in increased grain Zn concentration (58%) of wheat over unsprayed check. It was concluded that wheat grain yield can be enhanced by using nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg ha-1 with Zn and Fe at the rate of 3 and 1 kg ha-1, respectively. The same combination also proved to be cost effective as compared to other treatments studied. However, quality wheat grains can be produced by applying Zn and Fe at the rate of 3 kg ha-1 each with 150 kg ha-1 nitrogen.