خاندانی تعلقات میں نفقہ کا اسلامی تصور

In human life, family relations are of basic importance. In the Islamic Law, the proportion of rights and obligations amongst the relatives is in accordance with human nature. The nature of relations amongst family members has been brought into light with Islamic and Natural perspectives. Amongst those rights and obligations, the responsibility for expense is of primary importance, because its clear understanding illustrates the reality of all the family relations which causes the positive effects on the whole society. In this article, by discussing the expense (rights and obligations) of relatives, the Islamic instructions, basic philosophy, general effects, necessity and its importance has been brought into light. All facts have been presented under two heads of expense (rights) of wife and expense (rights) of the relatives. But, in the light of Quran and Hadith, it has been agreed by all the Islamic Jurisprudents, upon the necessity/obligation/ compulsion of the right of expense for the relatives just like the right of expense for a wife. In this article and attempt has been made to clarify that, in a family setup, how much importance has to be given to the rights and duties/obligations of a wife?

پاکستانی اردوافسانےمیں خواتین کے مسائل

More than half of world's population consists of women. The women is forced to live life according the social norms, attitudes moral, ethical values, and laws of the land. In a male dominated society the status of women is not decided in a fair and just manner. The rights of women are exploited due to which many problems have emerge in the society Generally in Urdu literature and especially in Urdu short stories such issue are presented nicely It was not possible for the writers of short stories to stay away from the realities of women’s life. Hence the writers of short stories tried to give a reflection of these problems of the women of their era. The research work done for present dissertation also focuses on such issues. In this study social economic and psychological problems of women have been probed. The circumstances which give rise to these problems have also been studied. The manuscript has been divided in to six chapters. First Chapter emphasis the problems of women in a historical perspective. Second Chapter covers the period of short stories written prior to the creation of Pakistan. The Third chapter problems faced by women in 1st period of Pakistan as presented in short stories by various writers have been analysed. In the fourth, chapter too, the short stories of various writers who have tried to raise issues faced by women have been discussed. In the fifth chapter, modern period and its demands new problems of woman of modern era along with a blend of old problems have been analysed.