PEMANFAATAN MEDIA DAN SUMBER BELAJAR ABAD 21

ABSTRAK Artikel ini bertujuan  untuk mendeskripsikan tentang pemanfaatan sumber dan media belajar di era modernisasi dan globalisasi seperti di abad ke 21 ini, pendidikan menjadi semakin penting untuk menjamin peserta didik memiliki keterampilan (life skills). Hal ini sesuai dengan tuntutan abad 21 dimana peserta didik harus memiliki kompetensi berpikir dan belajar. Kompetensi-kompetensi tersebut diantaranya adalah kompetensi komunikasi (communication), kolaborasi (collaboration), berpikir kritis dan memecahkan masalah (critical thinking and problem solving) kreatif dan inovatif (creativity and innovation). Dalam  pesatnya perkembangan IPTEK menuntut berbagai perubahan mendasar termasuk perubahan dalam memanfaatkan penggunaan media dan sumber belajar. Sehingga dengan adanya media dan sumber belajar yang lebih bervariatif, maka akan menjawab berbagai permasalahan pembelajaran sehingga akan menciptakan tujuan hasil pembelajaran yang lebih maksimal. Kata kunci: Media, Sumber, Belajar   ABSTRACT   This article aims to describe the use of learning resources and media in the era of modernization and globalization such as in this 21st century, Education to be more and more important to guarantee the member of education to have skills (life skills). It is in accordance with the 21st century pursuit, where they should have the competence of thinking and learning. Those competences are such as competence to communicate, collaborate, think critically, solve problems, and to be creative and innovative. Along with rapid development of Science and Technology it pursue many basic – changes including the changes in utilizing the use of media and learning resources. So that with the media and learning resources that are more varied, it will answer various learning problems so that it will create a goal of learning outcomes that is more leverage. Keyword: Media, Resources, Learning

Evaluation of Dssat Model for Simulating the Impact of Planting Densities and Nitrogen Rates on Growth Yield and Quality of Sunflower Helianthus Annus L. Hybrids.

A field study was carried out to evaluate the application of DSSAT model for simulating the impact of planting densities and nitrogen rates on growth, yield and quality of sunflower hybrids. The experimental data needed to run the model was obtained from two years (2010 and 2011) field experiments at two locations, including the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and Research Area of University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha. The achene yield among various treatments (hybrids, planting densities and nitrogen rates) was associated with growth and development of crop or to their photosynthetic activity. At both the experimental locations, the nitrogen rate 150 kg ha-1 and planting density 83, 333 plants ha-1 (20cm plant spacing) gave higher yield as compared to standard 125 kg N ha-1 and 66,666 plants ha-1 (25cm plant spacing), respectively. Similarly, S-278 performed well, in term of achene yield and achene oil contents at both locations than Hysun-33 sunflower hybrids. The DSSAT (OILCROP-SUN) model testing and application in this study established that this specific model could be satisfactorily used as a research tool at different locations of Punjab-Pakistan. The DSSAT (OILCROP-SUN) model was calibrated and evaluated under local conditions and it predicted phenology, growth and yield of sunflower crop to a reasonable accuracy for different sunflower hybrids at varying planting densities and nitrogen application. The findings propose that the model can be used to direct the alternate path for improving sunflower production in different agro-environmental conditions of the Punjab, Pakistan. At the end, following suggestions must be under taken to meet the future challenges. Simulation of other crop nutrients (P&K), irrigation scheduling and cropping system research should also be focussed in modeling studies. Inter comparison of different models should be carried out to simulate the growth and yield of sunflower under semiarid environment of Pakistan. Optimization of site specific production technology for different crops using crop growth models should be tested and promoted. Future studies for possible impact of climate change on new hybrids of sunflower and other crops production should be included at more number of weather stations to better reflect the heterogeneity in different cropping regions.