ظفر احمد صدیقی مرحوم
( ڈاکٹر محمد اشتیاق حسین قریشی)
۴؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۸۰ء کو جناب ظفر احمد صدیقی وکیل، سکریٹری دینی تعلیم کونسل کا انتقال اپنے آبائی وطن راما بھاری تحصیل بسواں ضلع سیتاپور میں ۳۰:۷ بجے صبح کو طویل علالت کے بعد ہوگیا، دفتر دینی تعلیمی کونسل لکھنو میں وہ حضرت مولانا علی میاں صاحب کے ایماء پر ۵۹ء سے مقیم تھے، یہ ایک طرح سے ان کا وطن ثانی بن گیا تھا، اپنی وفات سے ۴۸ گھنٹے پہلے اس حال میں رخصت ہوئے تھے کہ انہیں ہوش نہیں تھا، بلڈ یوریا کی وجہ سے ایک ہفتہ سے غفلت تھی، احباب اور رفقاء نے اسی وقت یہ سمجھ لیا تھا کہ برسوں کا یہ تھکا ہوا مسافر اور ساتھی اب لکھنؤ واپس نہیں آئے گا، سیتاپور سے فون پر اطلاع ملی، وہ سب سے جدا ہوکر اﷲ کو پیارے ہوگئے، ان کی اہلیہ کا انتقال سال بھر پہلے ہوچکا تھا، اولاد کوئی نہیں تھی، بھتیجوں کو اولاد سمجھتے رہے، جن کو اپنی نگرانی میں تعلیم دلائی، ان کے حقیقی بھائی کا قیام رامابھاری میں ہے، جہاں ان کا خاندان صدیوں سے آباد ہے۔
ظفر صاحب نے تعلیم مسلم یونیورسٹی میں پائی، ان کا قیام میکڈانلڈ ہوسٹل میں تھا، تعلیم کے بعد سیتاپور میں وکالت شروع کی ان کا شمار وہاں کے کامیاب وکیلوں میں تھا، ۴۷ء سے پہلے مسلم لیگ سے وابستہ رہے، تبلیغی کاموں سے بھی شغف رکھا، لیکن جب قاضی محمد عدیل عباسی مرحوم نے ۵۹ء میں بستی میں بچوں کی تعلیم کے سلسلہ میں کنونشن کیا اور وہاں یہ فیصلہ ہوا کہ اس سلسلہ میں مستقل کام کی ضرورت ہے، تو حضرت مولانا علی میاں صاحب کے ایماء پر ظفر صاحب نے اپنی کامیاب وکالت چھوڑ دی اور دینی تعلیمی کونسل کے کاموں کے لئے اپنے کو وقف کردیا، پھر ان کو ایسی...
The preposition ‘min’ is semantically more complex than what the traditional lexicaAl-syntactic approaches held it to be adverb or adverbial of place and time. This paper attempts to investigate the semantic complexity of the preposition ‘min’ from cognitive linguistic perspective to find out its semantic classification and linguistic symmetric patterns. Data has been taken from the Quran to investigate the claim of conceptual metaphor theory that sensorimotor neural structures generates the preposition ‘min’ on the image schema of source-path-goal. The findings reveal that the source-pathgoal image schema is not only at work in the use of preposition ‘min’ in spatio-geometric sense, but also to map the abstract concepts, emotional states and relationship with supernatural entities in spatial terms in the Quran. However, the data also show idiosyncratic behaviour of preposition, attaining different semantic arguments in different linguistic contexts, which strengthen the argument that language use cannot be abridged to static mapping in the human conceptual system. This paper recommends future research on the same preposition or other prepositions to investigate further the source-path-goal image schema in the Quran and Arabic language.
Bats are cosmopolitan in distribution and are highly diverse. Around the globe, bats are represented by around 1200 species while 52 species have been reported from Pakistan. During the present survey, extending from 2015 through 2017, overall 14 species, belonging to 7 genera and 5 families were recorded from Bajaur Agency in the Federally Administrated Tribal Areas (FATA) which has never explored for chiropteran diversity prior to the present survey. These families include: Pteropodidae, Rhinopomatidea, Megadermatidae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae while the genera include Rousettus, Rhinopoma, Megaderma, Rhinolophus, Myotis and Scotophillus. Morphological, cranial and bacular features of the captured bat specimens were recorded and bat species were identified using authentic taxonomic keys. Three specimens of Hodgson''s batMyotis formosuswere captured from the study area using mist and hand nets. External body, cranial and bacular features of the captured specimens were recorded and compared with those available in literature. Mean head and body length of the captured specimens was 42.06±4.01 mm, forearm length was 47.16±0.93 mm, greatest length of skull (n = 2) was 17.38±0.17 mm while total baculum length was 8.1 mm.The species is the first ever recording from the study area. Similarly, five congeners Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Javan Pipistrelle P. javanicus, Coromandel Pipistrelle P. coromandra, least Pipistrelle P. tenuis and Kelaart’sPipistrelleP. ceylonicuswere recorded for the first time from the study area. Average forearm length of P. pipistrellus, P. javanicus, P. coromandra, P. tenuis and P. ceylonicus was30.9±0.14mm, 35.13±0.53mm, 31.64±1.19mm, 28.49±1.25mm and 40.11±2.24mm, respectively. The greatest length of skull of these xv species was 11.75±0.35mm, 13.69±0.25mm, 12.48±0.34mm, 11.83±0.30mm and 15.00±0.15mm, respectively, while their total bacular length was 1.58mm, 3.81±0.01mm, 3.82±0.47mm, 2.11±0.707mm and 5.83±2.15mm, respectively. The bacular feature like sizeand shape were the characters that help in clear cut nomencatular of these bat taxa. Nine specimens (2♂, 7♀) of Myotis muricolawere captured from the study area. Mean forearm length (n= 9) and greatest length of skull (n= 4) of the collected specimens were 32.91 ± 1.15 mm and 13.00 ± 0.05 mm, respectively.The penis was somewhat round, small and thick while the baculum was very strongand bent upward with a thin basal concavity. During the present survey, five specimens (1♂,4♀) of greater horseshoe bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were captured using hand nets from a cave Levoghar (local name)in district Dir lower. Mean forearm lengthof the captured specimens was 61.94 ± 2.76 mm, their head and body length was 63.77 ± 4.26 mm, greatest length of skull (n = 2)was 23.82 ± 0.40 mm and total length of baculum of a single male specimen was 3.97 mm.R. ferrumequinum was never reported from the study area prior to the present study. Two species of the genus Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) have been reported from Pakistan. During the present survey, specimens of both the species viz. S. heathii (n = 5) and S. kuhlii (n = 44) were captured from Bajaur agency in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), and Peshawar, Dir lower and Swat districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Forearm length was 62.46 ± 1.57 mm, greatest length of the skull (n= 1) was 23.80 mm, while mean total bacular length of S. heathii (n = 2) was 1.77 ± 0.19 mm. Similarly, mean forearm length of S. kuhlii (n = 44) specimens was 51.64 ± 2.02 mm, greatest skull length (n = 19) was 19.80 ± 0.61 mm xvi and total bacular length (n = 6) was 1.84 ± 4.98 mm. These species were never reported from FATA prior to this studay.Furthermore, Rhinolophus hipposderous,Rhinopoma microphyllum, Megadermalyra and Rousettus leschenaulti were also captured from the study area. Similarly specimens of (13♂, 1♀) Rhinopoma microphyllum were captured from the study area and their external body, cranial and bacular measurements were recorded. Mean forearm length of these specimens was 68.90 ± 1.42 mm, greatest length of the skull of four specimens were20.32 mm, respectively while total bacular length (n= 13) was recorded 1.36 ± 0.23 mm. During the present survey, 15 specimens (11♂, 4♀)of Rhinolophus hipposideroswere captured. Mean forearm length of these specimens was 37.38 ± 0.91 mm, while total bacular length (n = 2) was3.35 ± 0.57 mm. Specimens (n = 4) ofMegaderma lyra were also observed in the study area. Average forearm length and greatest length of skull of these specimens was 67.00 ± 1.41 mm and 29.00 ± 0.16 mm, respectively. Single species of fruit bats i.e. Rousettus leschenaultia was also captured during the survey. Mean greatest skull length, forearm lengthof the collected specimens was82.51±1.79 mm and35.84 ± 0.14 mm, respectively. Ectoparasitic prevalence of the bats inhabiting the study area was also assessed. A species of soft ticks Argasvespertilioniswas identified from 23 bat specimens. Similarly, members of the family Dermanyssoidae (dermanyssoid mites) were isolated from 10 bat specimens, that of Spinturnicidae (spinturnicid mites) from 3 and Streblidae (bat flies) from 2 bat specimens. These parasites were collected using entomological tweezers and were identified on morphological basis. Further studies on parasitic prevalence, molecular characterization of bat parasites and their control measures should be conducted.