آدمی ہیں بے شمار مگرانسان کوئی نہیں
بسکہ دشوار ہے ہر کام کا آساں ہونا
آدمی کو بھی میسر نہیں انساں ہونا
اس کائنات میں رنگینیاں ہی رنگینیاں ہیں، کہیں صحراء ہیں کہیں دریا ہیں، کہیں شجر ہیں تو کہیں حجر ہیں ،کہیں ندی نالے ہیں جو موتیوں کی طرح چمکنے والے پانی کو کھیتوں کھلیانوں میں پہچانے کے لیے رواں دواں ہیں، کہیں فلک بوس پہاڑ ہیں جو سیاحوں کی نظر اپنی جانب مبذول کروارہے ہیں۔ فلک پرکواکب اپنی سج دھج دینے سے موجود ہیں ، ماہتاب و آفتاب مفوضہ فریضہ سرانجام دینے کے لیے پرعزم ہیں۔
جملہ مخلوقات اپنی اپنی جگہ پر انتہائی اہمیت کی حامل ہے لیکن’’ احسن تقویم‘‘ اور اشرف المخلوقات کا تاج اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کے سر سجایا ہے ، شرف انسانی کی خلعت فاخرہ انسان ہی نے زیب تن کی ہے۔ میدان شرف و بزرگی کا شاہسوار انسان ہی کو بنایا ہے، آسمانِ رفعت کا آفتاب و ماہتاب انسان ہی ہے۔ انسان جب انسانیت کی خصوصیات سے مزیّن ومرصعّ ہوتا ہے تو فرشتوں کو اس پر رشک آتا ہے۔ بقول شاعر
فرشتے سے بہتر ہے انسان بننا!
مگر اس میں پڑتی ہے محنت زیادہ
انسان کا مادہ انس ہے، جس کا مفہوم محبت پیار اور خلوص نکلتا ہے، اگر کوئی بظاہر انسان دکھائی دے رہا ہے، اس کے اعضائے جسمانی اس کے انسان ہونے پر دلالت کر رہے ہیں، دیکھنے والی دو آنکھیں ، سننے والے دوکان اور بولنے والی زبان یہ سب اعضاء اس کے انسان ہونے کا پتہ بتارہے ہیں کہ یہ انسان ہے ،لیکن اہل لُب کے نزدیک وہ انسان انسان نہیں جس کی شکل و صورت انسانوں والی ہو بلکہ وہ انسان انسان ہے جس کے کام انسانوں والے ہوں اور جو انسانیت کی معراج پر فائز ہو، صاف ستھرا لباس ہے، قد...
Dr. Juynboll (1935-2010) was an Orientalist. He was born in Leiden, South Holland and obtained his doctoral degree in 1969. He worked at the University of California. He was a specialist of Hadith. In 1983, Cambridge University Press published his work “Muslim Tradition: Studies in Chronology, Provenance and Authorship of Early Hadith”. This work contains a critical assessment of the persons who were involved in the formation of Islamic orthodoxy. Imam Ibnul Mulaqqi is a Muslim Scholar who examined Ahadith of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and did exhaustive work in pointing out the reasons of hidden weakness in it. So through this article we will be able to judge the views and opinions of Dr. Juynboll about the Provenance and Authorship of Early Hadith and methodology of a Muslim Scholar for scrutinizing and examining the collection of Ahadith through his historical book “Albdrul-Muneer”.
Peace has always been one of the fundamental needs and urges of man. And yet it has been so elusive: despite his phenomenal progress in every domain of individual and collective life, man has not been able to find lasting peace, with himself and with others on this blue planet. With the invention of weapons of mass destruction and relentless arms race amid lingering conflicts among groups and states, the need for peace education has increased manifold. In order to forestall any of the existing conflicts in the world explode into third world war, governments and decision makers must turn to peace education as the most reliable and durable means of bringing peace to this war-torn world of ours. Peace education is a process of achieving peace, at personal, inter-personal, national and international levels, through education, both formal and informal, focussing on promoting universal brotherhood, global citizenship, international understanding and the culture of peaceful co-existence. Therefore, this research study is exclusively based on the formal mode of peace education. The area specified within this mode of education is the ―Awareness and attitude of teachers and students towards peace education atuniversity level in Pakistan‖. As research tools, two questionnaires covering the aspects of Awareness, Attitude and The General Institutional Environment of the respondents were prepared to get responses from a wide spectrum of the teachers and students across the country. Validity and reliability of the research tools were properly ensured as elaborated. In the first place, the research tools were placed before a panel of experts whose valuable input was incorporated accordingly. This was followed by pilot-testing of the questionnaires and, as a consequence, its further fine-tuning. In the final phase, the validity and reliability concerns related to the questionnaires were fully addressed through Factor Analysis. Ultimately, the questionnaire was distributed among a total of 770 target respondents. In all, 719 questionnaires were collected back, indicating 93.38 response percentage. The data thus collected was arranged, sifted and analysed through SPSS version 16. Following were the key findings of the study. There was negative correlation between awareness level about peace education and attitude towards the same. Majority of the respondents had high level of awareness about peace education. Majority of the respondents possessed high attitude expression, yet fall low with reference to the ratio of their awareness level. Male respondents were more aware about peace education in comparison to female teachers and students. And that, male respondents had higher attitude about peace education when compared with female respondents. In the light of the findings, suggestions and recommendations related to bringing about change in the mainstream education system in Pakistan have been made for policy makers, curriculum planners, educationists and researchers. The study, its findings and recommendations are expected to influence future policy formulation by those in the power corridors and also provide guidelines for others, individuals or organizations, in the field of peace education. Successful implementation of the agenda of peace education in Pakistan will, nevertheless, demand unwavering political commitment, sufficient resource allocation and a sustained policy of peace education, both at national and provinciallevel.