المبحث السادس: وفاتها
خرجت بروین شاکر في صباح 26 دیسمبر 1994م في الساعۃ التاسعۃ حسب الروتین الیومي من بیتھا ذاھبۃ إلی عملھا، ولکن بسبب انقطاع الکھرباء کانت الإشارات (إشارات المرور، أو إشارات الطریق) لا تعمل، وکان سائقھا أراد أن یقطع الطریق فاصطدم بالباص الممتلئ بالمسافرین، توفي السائق في مکان الحادث علی الفور، ونُقلت الشاعرۃ في حالۃ خطرۃ إلی مستشفی إسلام آباد، حاول الأطباء مداواتها ولكن لم يفلحوا۔
وبوفاۃ الشاعرۃ المعروفۃ بروین شاکر قامت ضجۃ في الأدب الأردو، وقد فقد الأدب والشعر الأردو أکبر منتج لدیهما۔ وھذا الموت المفاجيء قد أصاب علی الشعر الحديث بمسحة من الیأس والحرمان۔ ودُفنت الشاعرۃ في26 دیسمبر في مقبرۃ (H.8) ایتش، ایت في إسلام آباد. تقول الشاعرۃ:
مر بھی جاؤں تو کہاں لوگ بُھلا ہی دیں گے
لفظ میرے، مرے ہونے کی گواہی دیں گے
الترجمہ: إ ذا متت، فالناس لن تنساني
کلماتي، ستشھد علی وفاتي
Here are two opposing views of scholars and different religions regarding the permission or non-permission of war on the basis of honor and lawfulness of human life. The Hindus and Jews legalize war, whereas the Buddhists and Christians consider it illegal. Islam follows the middle path and attributes the legality of war to its purpose because only the purpose tells the righteousness or wrongfulness of any deed. Islam has prevented from all those purposes that eliminate the cause of Allah Almighty from war. Islam does not legalize war for any worldly purpose so the pursuit of fame, kingship, booty, conquering another land or national or personal revenge is not legal. Jihad has been enjoined for the elimination of hurdles in the path of Allah. It clarifies the policy of Islam that war is not an end but it is a means to an end. Today the west is doing propaganda against Islam that Islam spread through sword and the concept of jihad is being related to terrorism. The purposes of jihad should be kept in mind in order to understand the philosophy of jihad. The aim of this paper is to highlight the purposes of jihad and its importance. Views of various scholars have been observed in this study along with references from Quran and Hadith.
Background: Pain management is one of the important components of balanced anaesthesia. It can be provided by different methods such as intravenous, intramuscular, orally, topical or regional. Caudal block has grown to become the most popular, safe and easy regional anaesthetic technique to be performed in children undergoing lower umbilical surgeries. Objective: The study was conducted to assess the analgesic effect that is the duration and quality of analgesia provided by a single shot caudal epidural block using bupivacaine 0.25% for intraoperative and postoperative pain relief in children undergoing lower umbilical surgeries in FMIC Hospital, Afghanistan. The objective was to determine the success rate of Caudal Block among children undergone lower umbilical surgeries and received Caudal Block at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan.Methodology: A Retrospective Case Series study was done to achieve the study objectives. The study population was comprised of all the children undergone lower umbilical surgeries and received Caudal Block at French Medical Institute for Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan. Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit study subjects. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to run descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-square test of independence was run to explore the association between independent and dependent variables. Results: The present study revealed that the success rate of caudal block was 94.3%. All successful cases of caudal blocks were regarded as clinically effective. None of the patient had an increase in hemodynamic or respiratory parameters during surgery. Nearly all, 197 (99.5%) had successful caudal block. The participants had normal heart rate or slightly low HR (not more than 5 to 10 % from baseline HR) during anaesthesia and only 1 (0.5%) participant was bradycardia. Our results showed caudal block with single shot injection of 0.25% bupivacaine provided a long lasting analgesia. Caudal bupivacaine provided analgesia had a duration of equal or more than four hours. Majority of patient received pain killer (Nalbluphine) after four hour of caudal block. In our study, most of the patients, 194 (98%) patients had not experienced post anaesthesia side effects, whereas only 4 (2%) patients had post anaesthesia side effects (nausea or vomiting). None of the cases in our study required additional analgesics during operation.Conclusion: Caudal block provided adequate intraoperative and postoperative analgesia for children under going lower umbilical surgeries with a success rate of 94.3%. Duration of analgesia demonstrated was equal to or more than four