Personal Knowledge of a Judge As a Source of Proof: An Islamic Perspective

Islam has given pivotal role to the judiciary and considers it one of the most important pillar of the state. In this regard, the role of a judge is also of great importance as justice cannot be dispensed in society without the contribution of a judge. When a dispute is brought to a court, it becomes the responsibility of the judge to provide justice to the parties. A judge relies on testimony, oath and circumstantial evidences as sources of proof. Jurists have discussed them in detail while they have also discussed personal knowledge of a judge (Ilm al-Qadi) as a source of proof. This article focuses on it, where different stipulations and conditions, as laid down by the jurists, have been discussed along with their arguments.

Impact of Teachers 'Professionalism on University Students' Emotional Stability and Social

Impact of Teachers 'Professionalism on University Students' Emotional Stability and Social Competence Purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of teachers' professionalism on students' Emotional Stability and Social Competence in the context of private and public sector universities. The major objectives of this study were to measure the Professionalism among university teachers, to measure the impact of teachers' professionalism on the social competence of university students, to measure the impact of teachers' professionalism on the Emotional Stability of university students, to weigh the impact of demographic variables, such as Gender, Age, Socio economic status, Qualification, Experience, Class size in determining the teachers' of professionalism and students' emotional stabilities and social competencies. For this purpose a stratified random sample of 300 respondents was collected from two distinct groups of the population, such as university teachers and students of 6 private and public sector universities located at Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected from both male and female respondents (University teachers and university students). The findings of the study revealed that there is positive relationship between teacher's professionalism and students' emotional stability and social competence. Results revealed that teachers' demographic variations, effects on their professionalism, along with these students' demographic variations are also playing a vital role in determining their emotional stabilities and social competence. Results also confirmed that male university students are more emotionally stable and socially competent than female university students. At present in the context of private and public sector universities there is a need to groom teachers because a considerable number of teachers are exhibiting immaturity or demonstrating moderately professional conducts in teaching learning context. Therefore, there is a need to create the awareness among teachers about their professional responsibilities. It is recommended that teachers may provide awareness about general teaching standards set by Higher Education Commission. It is also recommended that university teachers may also learn art of emotional stability and may also demonstrate it in front of their students. This research will be helpful for university teachers and administrators because it has provided us information to improve teachers' behavior at work. Careful planned teaching strategies and classroom management strategies affect students emotional and social grooming. Learning of socially approved behavior surely led students towards successful life. Study will also helpful for educational managers because of their role of planning and organizing organizational activities in more dynamic way which may lead their employees toward professionalism. This study will also helpful for the parents to understand the impact of environment in nurturing balanced personality pattern and behavior responses in children. At present in the context of private and public sector universities there is a need to groom teachers because a considerable number of teachers are exhibiting immaturity or demonstrating moderately professional conducts in teaching learning context. Therefore, there is a need to create the awareness among teachers about their professional responsibilities. It is recommended that teachers may provide awareness about general teaching standards set by HEC. It is recommended that university teachers may also learn art of emotional stability and may also demonstrate it in front of their students.