وفاتِ عیسیٰ الٰہ آبادی
حضرت مولانا سید محمد عیسیٰ صاحب الہ آبادی نے جو حضرت مولانا تھانویؒ کے اولین خلفا میں تھے، ۲۵؍ ربیع الاول ۱۳۶۳ھ مطابق ۲۱؍ مارچ ۱۹۴۳ء کی سہ پہر کو جونپور میں جہاں وہ بغرض علاج آئے تھے ۶۳ برس کی عمر میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، اِنَّا لِلّٰہِ وَ اِنَّا اِلَیْہِ رَاجِعُوْنَ۔ خیال تھا کہ مرشد رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ کے بعد ان کی ذات مرجع انام بنے گی، مگر اﷲ تعالیٰ اپنی مصلحتوں کو آپ جانتا ہے، ان کا وطن محی الدین پور ضلع الہ آباد تھا، نسبتاً سادات کرام میں تھے اور گھر کے خوش حال زمیندار تھے، غالباً ۱۳۰۱ھ کی پیدائش ہوگی، بچپن ہی سے وہ زاہد و متقی تھے، باپ کے حکم سے انگریزی شروع کی اور بی اے تک پڑھ کر چھوڑ دیا اور ایک اسکول میں انگریزی کے ماسٹر اور آخر میں گورنمنٹ کالج الہ آباد میں عربی کے پروفیسر ہوگئے۔
نوجوان ہی تھے کہ الہ آباد کانپور میں حضرت مولانا تھانویؒ کے مواعظ سننے کا اتفاق ہوا، جو بات سنی، دل میں گھر کرتی چلی گئی اور روز بروز یہ نشہ تیز سے تیز تر ہوتا چلا گیا، یہاں تک کہ بیعت و ارادت سے مشرف ہوکر مجاہدہ ریاضت میں مصروف ہوئے، آخر تکمیل طریق کے بعد خلافت و اجازت سے سرفراز ہوئے۔
اﷲ تعالیٰ کی شان بندہ نوازی نظر آتی ہے کہ ایک انڈر گریجویٹ میں جس نے صرف انگریزی ہی کی تعلیم پائی تھی چند روز میں یہ انقلاب پیدا ہوا کہ اس نے اس عمر میں آکر سرکاری ملازمت کے ساتھ عربی تعلیم پوری کی اور قرآن و حدیث کا علم حاصل کیا اور ساتھ ہی قرآن پاک حفظ کیا اور سیرت و صورت میں یہ رنگ پیدا کیا کہ کوئی دیکھ کر یہ بھی نہیں کہہ سکتا تھا کہ وہ انگریزی...
The growth of the Sharia banking system in Indonesia is considered a measure of Sharia's economic success. The Indonesian Sharia Banking Supervision is responsible for regulating sharia banking activities. It is important to note that this information is from a regulatory point of view. The regulation and supervision of sharia banking activities are based on amendments to Act No. 3 of 2004 on the Bank of Indonesia, No. 23 of 1999, and Law No. 21 of 2008. After the passing of OJK Act No. 21 in 2011, Indonesian banks were granted the authority to oversee Sharia banks, which were then transferred to the JSC. The Financial Services Authority was formed due to concerns from various parties about the supervisory function of Indonesian banks in regulating Sharia banking. The JSC does not directly monitor all activities of Sharia institutions, but rather ensures that certain aspects are overseen by other institutions, such as the DPS (Dewan Pengawas Syariah). The DPS is responsible for overseeing Sharia Financial Institutions, and is registered based on the approval of the National Sharia Council (DSN). The objective of the OJK is to meet and protect the needs and interests of the public, create a stable and sustainable financial system, and implement a financial system based on the principles of good governance, which include accountability, transparency, and independence.
This study examined how the online environment has influenced ethical decision-making in Kenyan print and online newspapers with regard to graphic images. A review of the literature showed scant academic attention has been paid to the role ethics play in the selection of images for publication despite acknowledgement of the increasing power and cultural diversity of audiences. The theoretical framework of the study was based on Gatekeeping Theory and Spiral of Silence Theory. Through indepth interviews with senior editors and a review of internal and external guidelines and policies, the research revealed that audience demands for ethical decisions from editors are transmitted mainly through the corporate hierarchy. However, media houses have developed few effective internal systems to guide newsroom decision-making, relying mostly on vague prescriptions buried in editorial policies and ethics codes, which in practice are rarely consulted by newsroom decision makers. Further, the systems developed for the cycle of print production, including scheduled editorial meetings and the use of photo editors to filter images, have proven to be inadequate for the fast-paced world of online news production. The research also revealed that when confronted with graphic images, editors’ resort to their own intuition and experience as well as consultations with colleagues rather than on methodical ethical reasoning. This creates geographical and cultural blind spots which, when coupled with the internet’s expansion, diversification and empowerment of audiences, as well as the lagging development of a media ethics for the digital age, can have potentially serious adverse consequences for editors and the media enterprises themselves. Recommendations from the study include training of editors in the use of methods such as the Potter Box model of reasoning in day-to-day decision-making as well as the development of practical procedures for fast sourcing and selection of images for online publication especially as relates to breaking news. The study also contributes to the literature on Network Gatekeeping Theory, suggesting the need to take into account the hierarchical nature of networks, and demonstrates how the Spiral of Silence Theory can also account for the effect of online audiences on newsroom decision-making. Finally, the study emphasizes the role of ethical decision-making in image selections and recommends that news values research takes more cognizance of ethical considerations.