خصائصِ نبویﷺ : اردوتفسیری ادب کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ

There is no doubt that the personality of messenger of Allah peace be upon him is irreproachable from all kind of diminutions and barrier of salient bigness and glory. Not only historically biographers have written about the  greatness of Prophet peace be upon him, But the Muhadithin have collected  a large part of the collection of Hadiths on  prophet peace be upon him greatness and  honour. Urdu commentators are not far behind in this field. We have come to the conclusion after observing that while interpreting the Qur'anic verses relating to the greatness and character of the Prophet (peace be upon him) The commentators were very eloquent and described the characteristics of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in a very eloquent and loving manner. In this article, the detailed material written by the commentators on the characteristics of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in Urdu commentary literature will be presented.

پاکستانی اردوغزل کی تنقید کا ارتقاء

“Ghazal”is evergreen genere of Urdu literature. With the passage of time, it has gone through changes in its subjects, and structure. Because of these changes, not only variety of Urdu Ghazal was amplified, but also there was an addition in the critical treasure of Ghazal. After the Partition, Urdu Ghazal in Pakistan has also got gradually distinctiveness in its thematic approach, topical variation and artistic characteristics. Today where “Pakistani Ghazal” has got a solitary identity, the critics on it has become most comprehensive, accurate, modern and most helpful in its consideration and explanation. The criticism of Urdu Ghazal not only focused the changes coming in the language and expression, methods and rhythm of Urdu Ghazal but also harmonized itself with the changes. This research is an effort to know and evaluate the trends in critiquing “Urdu Ghazal of Pakistan” and the nature and quality of its development. This study will be helpful not only in knowing the characteristics, trends and inclination of Urdu Ghazal of Pakistan but also will support in consideration of periodical changes in trends and views of critical analysis of Pakistani Urdu Ghazal and identifying the nature, pace and direction of its future journey. The following kinds of materials have been considered fundamental, to cover up the authentic sources and materials: 1. The critical books containing discussions, as a whole, on Pakistani Urdu Ghazal. 2. Constant Critical Books on Urdu Ghazal/Ghazal poets. 3. General reviews which contain references of Pakistani Urdu Ghazal. 4. Articles containing analytical discussions of Pakistani Urdu Ghazal. 5. Articles consisting of comprehensive evaluation on Pakistani Urdu Ghazal. 6. Critical Books containing any article written on Pakistani Ghazal or any Pakistani Ghazal poet. 7. Compiled Books, Prefaces and Flaps on the collection of Ghazal of renowned poets. 8. Important analytical articles on Pakistani Ghazal or Ghazal poet. 9. The special volumes of journals and magazines on Ghazal poet or Ghazal. 10. Published or unpublished degree thesis. In making a comprehensive study, chapters have been presented as under: Chapter one is consisted of the discussion on the critical culture of Urdu Ghazal and basic points in which the initial stages of critic on Ghazal and prominent features are included. The second chapter presents an analysis of the different trends of critics on Pakistani Urdu Ghazal from 1947 to 1960. The third chapter presents a review of the trends of critic on Ghazal in the critical books and famous journals and publications which are written in respect of movements of lingual development in 1960’sand 1970’s. The fourth chapter is consisted on the analysis of critics on Ghazal and different trends in 1980’s and 1990’s. The fifth chapter presents an analysis of the critics of Ghazal from 2000 till now in respect of an established Pakistani consciousness. The sixth chapter presents a collective analysis of critics of Ghazal in the light of the initial and evolutionary trends and modern critical views and discussions of Pakistani Urdu Ghazal, and there are some recommendations and suggestions as well.