القضایا النقضیة فی وجود المجاز و عدمہ فی اللغة العربیة وفی القرآن الكریم

No doubt, throughout the last fourteen centuries, has been so widely read nor has shaped more human mindes than the Quran. Actually the Quran has a tremendous effect on the believers who recite it in its original language. Its language, as it is felt, is overwhelmed by the the power of the Devine word: hence the majesty of its style, and its captivating rhetoric, w hich reflects the pow er of the Divine w here it is originated. This artical also shows the greatness of the arabic language and its rhetorical effect in the light of Holy Quran. It tells us about the use of metaphor in Arabic language and Quran. It puts light on the diferenccs among the scholars wether there is Majaz in Arabic language and Quran or not? For the proof of its used both in language and Quran after the long discussion of linguistics and interpreters it is proved that it is one of the method of of the language to create the beauty in the speach. At the end of the artical it is conculuded through the views of the eminent scholars that the Majaz is also a style of the Arabic language and its rhetoric.

Genetics of Water Deficit Tolerance in Gossypium Hirsutum L.

Increasing water shortage for irrigation is a major constrain to sustainable cotton production. Cotton plant observes reduction in seed cotton yield as well as fibre quality when subjected to water deficit conditions. Present investigation were conducted to study the genetic basis of agro-physiological and fiber quality traits in cotton under normal irrigation and water deficit stress. For this purpose, 45 genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L. were studied under two moisture levels i.e. normal irrigation and water-deficit stress conditions for two years (2013 and 2014). The experiment was conducted using split plot arrangement under randomized complete block design. All the genotypes behaved differently under both control and water - deficit stress. Genotype × Environment Interaction (GEI) of cotton genotypes with two water levels (Environments) were studied for some selected agro-physiological traits i.e. seed cotton yield, bolls per plant, boll weight, water potential, osmotic potential, pressure potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, canopy temperature, relative water contents, protein contents and proline contents using AMMI biplot analysis. Results showed that the genotypes VH-291, FH- 329, FH-153, IR-6, FH-159, VH-289, FH-322, MNH-886, S-15 and FH-207 proved stable for most of the traits studied whereas; NS-131, AA-703 and KZ 191 interacted undesirably with water-deficit stress. Results of screening revealed that working variability among germplasm was present and controlled by significant genetic component, which may be exploit through hybridization. Therefore, F1 crosses were developed in the greenhouse keeping stress tolerant genotypes as lines and sensitive as a testers using line × tester technique. 30F1 crosses along with 13 parents were planted under two stress levels i.e normal and water-deficit in field condition to examine the genetic basis of agro-physiological and fiber quality traits. Under normal condition lines showed more contribution for bolls per plant, seed cotton yield and canopy temperature whilst, line × tester interaction showed maximum contribution for boll weight, water potential, osmotic potential, pressure potential, staple length, fibre fineness and fiber strength. Under water-deficit condition, the expression of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield, osmotic potential, pressure potential, relative water contents, protein contents, staple length, fiber fineness and fiber strength were largely determined by interaction of line × tester. Contribution by lines were more for boll weight, water potential and canopy temperature. The analysis of F1 and parents data revealed the presence of non-additive genes controlling variation under both normal and water-deficit condition. FH-159 and FH-207 were best general combiners under normal irrigation and water deficit condition. Under normal condition, cross FH-322 × NS-131 showed best specific combining ability while FH-207 × KZ-191 was best combination under water deficit condition for most of the traits. Higher heterosis over better parent were observed in FH-159 × KZ-191 and VH-289 × AA-703 under normal and water deficit condition respectively. For seed cotton yield the crosses FH-207 × NS-131, S-15 × AA- 703 and FH-329 × NS-131 showed higher and significant heterosis over better parent under water deficit condition that may be used in development of hybrid for water shortage areas in Pakistan.