نوجوانوں کے مسائل
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’نوجوانوں کے مسائل ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
مسئلہ جیسا بھی ہو پریشان کن ہوتا ہے۔ ذہنی اور جسمانی قویٰ کے اضمحلال کا باعث ہوتا ہے اس کے حل کے لیے کوششیں کی جاتی ہیں ، اس کو عوام النّاس کے ذریعے اہل علم طبقہ کے ذریعے تگ و دو اور کاوش کے ذریعے حاصل کرنے کی ہر ممکن کوشش کی جاتی ہے تا کہ مسئلہ، مسئلہ ہی نہ رہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
مسائل کے شکار لوگ اپنی ذات کی حد تک سوچتے ہیں، ان کی قوت فکر محدود ہو جاتی ہے ان کے سوچنے کا انداز مختلف ہو جاتا ہے، دوست و احباب ان کے عظیم مشوروں سے محروم رہتے ہیں یہاں تک کہ تہذیب وتمدن اور کلچروثقافت تک متاثر ہوجاتے ہیں۔
صدرِمحترم!
مسائل کسی کی شکل وصورت دیکھ کرنہیں آتے ، یا قد کاٹھ والے شخص ہی مسائل کا شکار نہیں ہوتے، مسئلہ کسی کو بھی درپیش ہوسکتا ہے، غریب ہو یا امیر ہو، شاہ ہو یا گدا ہو ، چھوٹا ہو یا بڑا ہر ایک کو کوئی نہ کوئی مسئلہ درپیش رہتاہے۔ اور یوں ہی اس کے شب وروز مسائل کے حل میں گزرتے رہتے ہیں۔
ہر دل میں نئی طرح سے ہے یاد کسی کی
ملتی نہیں فریاد سے فریاد کسی کی
جناب صدر!
لیکن نو جوانوں کے مسائل بڑے گھمبیر ہوتے ہیں ، بچے کا اگر کوئی مسئلہ ہے تو نوجوان حل کر لیتے ہیں ،نوجوانوں کا مسئلہ پیرانہ سالی کے شکار لوگوں سے بوجہ ضعف اور تھکاوٹ حل ہونا مشکل ہو جاتا ہے۔ اس لیے اس عمر میں...
Translations have a prominent role in the advancement of science and literature for any people. By which sciences and arts move from the literature of one nation to the literature of another nation, in which sciences and arts flourish, and a nation becomes acquainted with the literature of another nations. Translation is an independent art, as it depends on creativity, linguistic sense and the ability to bring cultures closer, and it enables all mankind to communicate and benefit from each other's experiences. It is an art as old as written literature. Translation is a cultural necessity and an intellectual activity, and it extends bridges of communication between civilizations that converge and diverge among themselves, and their languages are similar and differ in ways of expression and methods of statement and expression of ideas, feelings and attitudes, and in the worldview and understanding of its concepts. There is no doubt that translation it is a complex linguistic process that requires lengthy anchors, as the queen of the two tongues is acquired only by a lot of practice, in addition to the systematic study of the mechanisms of transmission from one tongue to another. We also see in the modern era that the Arab Scientific Academy in Damascus, the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo and the Iraqi Scientific Academy have a clear and prominent role in the advancement of Arabic sciences and literature. The Scientific Academy in Damascus has established the Arabic language and its terminology, and the language of bureaucracies, in particular, with the help of authors and translators in particular, and the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo, which has made efforts in developing the great linguistic lexicon and terminology of modern sciences.
Among all the resources of an educational institution, teachers are unquestionably the most important.
Motivation plays a pivotal role in increasing the level of teacher's job satisfaction. Satisfied teachers in turn can
help in improving the performance of an educational institution.
The objectives of this study were to explore various factors of low motivation of teachers and to analyze the
effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors on teacher job satisfaction in public sector degree colleges
of Punjab, Pakistan.
This was an exploratory study based on primary data. Questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. The
profile of the respondents included all the teachers who were working in public sector degree colleges of
Punjab, Pakistan.
Regression Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique using Analysis of Moment Structure
(AMOS) 19.0 was applied. SPSS 19.0 was used for basic analysis purpose. The results of the study indicated that
although compensation and benefits package is an important factor of teacher's low motivation in public sector
degree colleges of Punjab, Pakistan, but there are also some non monetary factors for example, insufficient
opportunities to acquire new skills at job, lack of participation in job related decisions, over crowded class
rooms, unsatisfactory work environment, lack of pre-service and in-service training programs, unsatisfactory
recognition and feedback process which are contributing to low motivation of teachers in public sector degree
colleges of Punjab, Pakistan.
Study concluded that there is significant relationship between intrinsic motivational factors and teacher job
satisfaction. Similarly, statistically significant relationship is also found between extrinsic motivational factors
and teacher job satisfaction. However, it is found that teacher job satisfaction in largely caused by intrinsic
motivational factors as compare to extrinsic motivational factors. Moreover, significant difference is observed
between teacher's age, designation, teaching experience and teacher job satisfaction.
The study has recommended strategies about how management can utilize intrinsic and extrinsic motivational
factors as a tool to keep teachers motivated and satisfied in their jobs. The study also recommended ways by
which management can eliminate low motivation amongst teachers by improving their skills, knowledge and
competencies and by creating supporting learning environment, building good relationships between junior
and senior teachers and involving teachers in job related decisions.
The study seems to be very useful as it provides both, the theoretical implications for the researchers interested
in exploring job satisfaction in higher educational institutions in Pakistan as well as practical implications for
the higher authorities within public sector higher education set up in Pakistan.