''المواھب اللدنیۃ با لمنح المحمدیۃﷺ'' کا تعارفی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ An Analytical study of the

Although Imam Qusṭalānī, in compiling his book "Al-Mawāhib Al-Laduniyat Bil Minḥ Al-Muhammadiyah", has followed the footsteps of Qazi Ayaz’s book Al- Shifā. But many chapters and information are unique to them and he has expanded this book with his additions and made it a treasure trove of information. This book is a beautiful fusion of the traditions of Muhaddithin and Ahl-e-Siyyar. Because he was not only a muhaddith but also a biographer. Were his greatest service in the learning of Hadith is "Irshad Al-Sārī Sharh Saḥiḥ Bukhārī", there his most significant service in Sira is this book. He has used the traditions of both the narrators and the Biographers in compiling it. In this book, the locks of meanings are opened with the keys of Fatḥ Al-Bārī Li Ibn-e-Hajar ‘Asqalānī. In other words, he has benefited a lot from Fatḥ Al-Bārī Sharḥ Bukhari and has gained a lot of confidence. A large number of scholars have used this book, including Shiblī Nu‘mānī, who has made extensive use of it in his Sirat un-Nabiﷺ . Due to its popularity, many of its rates have been written. The most detailed of these is the Zurqānī rate of Qusṭalānī. The great scholar like Imam Zarqani has commented in eleven volumes of this book, which is proof of its authenticity, noteworthy, and worth reading and treasure. Sheikh Nūruddin Ṭrabulsī gave Sharh and great people like Safiuddin Qasashi, Burhanuddin Ibrahim Maimoni, Shamsuddin Muhammad Shobri Misri and Nooruddin Ali Qari embellished this book with their footnotes. On the one hand, it teaches love and respect for the Holy Prophet ﷺ and on the other hand, it mentions the rights of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the rewards for their payment. The writing style of the book is simple and smooth as well as eloquent and eloquent. The temptation is not so long that the length will be too long for the reader, nor is it so short that access to the concepts and demands will not be possible due to the brevity. The book has been read by the people and it has been adopted by biographers as an authentic and reliable source. Because of its importance and usefulness, an introductory and analytical study of this book will be presented in this article.

Comparative Study of Performance of Male and Female Teachers of Elementary Level in Punjab

Education is a process of transferring knowledge, culture and tradition of one generation to the next. The teacher is the main agent who performs his part in the process of education. A UNESCO sponsored study of four countries (Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Pakistan) conducted in 2000, shows that the female teachers perform better than male teachers in earlier grades. The purpose of this study was to draw a comparison between male and female teachers working at elementary level in government boys schools in the province of Punjab. The objectives of the study were: (i) to compare the performance of male and female teachers working in boys schools at elementary level in rural areas; (ii) to compare the performance of male and female teachers working in boys schools at elementary level in urban areas; (iii) to compare the performance of male teachers working in boys schools in rural areas with those of working in urban areas; (iv) to compare the performance of female teachers working in boys schools in rural areas with those of working in urban areas; and (v) to compare the performance of male and female teachers working in boys schools at elementary level. In this study, pre-test and post-test were used. Sixty-eight (68) students of grade 4 and sixteen (16) teachers were the sample of study. From each school thirty four (34) students and eight (8) teachers were selected as sample of study. Each group comprised of seventeen (17) students. The data collected through pre-test and post-test were analyzed by applying t-test and one way ANOVA. Significance of difference between both the comparison groups in pre-test and post-test was analyzed by using t-test at 0.05 level. The major findings of the study were; The performance of urban male teachers was better than the rural teachers in the subjects of Urdu, Maths, Science and English while the performance of urban female teachers was xv 16 better than rural female teachers in all these subjects. However, female teachers performed better than male teachers in the subjects of Urdu, Science and English except Maths while female teachers working in urban areas gave better results than male teachers working in urban area schools in the subject of Urdu, Science and English except Maths. It is recommended that Female teachers may be appointed at primary level in boys schools. Male teachers may be appointed for the teaching of mathematics at elementary level. Residence and transport facilities may be provided to the teachers working in rural areas. Every teacher may be bound to serve in rural area at least for five years during his/her job. Teaching facilities and infrastructure of elementary level may be improved. Female teachers may be provided additional training for teaching of mathematics. A handsome amount may be given in the shape of unattractive/hard area allowance to the teachers working in rural areas.