عہد خلفاء راشدین اور اسلاموفوبیا

Islamophobia is a term that refers to prejudice or discrimination against Islam and Muslim. The roots of Islamophobia can be traced back to the distant past. Hypocrate Abd Ullah b. Ubbay Al-Salul was the first Islamophobic person in the era of Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) and then farther Abd Ullah b. Saba in the era of The Rashidun Khalips. They can be considered as the precursor of Islamophobia.

Compact Homogeneous 7-Manifolds Admitting Invariant G2 or ~ G2 -Structures

The main result of this thesis is a classification of all homogeneous spaces G/H admitting a G-invariant G2 -structure, assuming that G is a connected compact Lie group and G acts effectively on G/H. They include a subclass of all homogeneous ̃ spaces G/H with a G-invariant G2 -structure, where G is a compact Lie group. There are many new examples with nontrivial fundamental group. A formula computing the ̃ dimension of the space of G-invariant structures (resp. of G-invariant G2 -structures) on G/H is given. We study a subclass of homogeneous spaces of high rigidity and low rigidity and show that they admit families of invariant co-closed G2 -structures (resp. ̃ ̃ G2 -structures). Some new interesting examples of G2 -structures on these spaces are ̃ found. We also present a scheme of classification of G2 -structures using their intrinsic torsion.