پھانسی والے جیالے
سرفروشی کے انداز بدلے گئے تو دعوت قتل پر مقتل شہر میں
ڈال کر کوئی گردن میں طوق آ گیا لاد کر کوئی کاندھے پہ دار آ گیا
مارشل لاء کے دور میں پھانسی پانے والے پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے جیالے ۔مرزا ادریس بیگ شہید،ادریس طوطی شہید،عثمان غنی شہید،عبدلرزاق جھرنا شہید ،ایاز سموں شہید ،ناصر بلوچ شہید
Islam lays emphasis on social justice and sharing of resources between the haves and the have-nots. In order to create such a balanced socio-economic environment, the inter-class lending is considered to be a way forward ethical activity. Qard is a gratuitous contract in which one gives a certain homogeneous wealth to other against the condition of returning of similar value of wealth upon demand or after termination of payback period. As per Sharia'h, the Qard should not bring any return or benefit for the lender because that would be equivalent to Ribâ. Therefore the lender cannot charge or demand any extra amount against the extension on the payback period awarded to the poor borrower. Furthermore, Islam considers the difference between debtors who default by procrastination and those who default by necessity. The Holy Qur'an, in principal, recommends having compassion for the poor barrowers and giving them the grace period till they have the capacity to payback. In such scenario the Muslim lenders perceive that the Islam has set unilateral direction in favor of borrowers only. Therefore the lenders feel that they are handicapped or helpless and found themselves in a strangled situation. This study is designed to solve the dilemma of lenders and explore risk mitigation strategies in case of insolvency of borrowers. The verses from the Holy Qur'an & Hadith of the Messenger (PBUH) and also work of prominent Sharia'h Scholars were considered to form a comprehensive guideline to mitigate the lender’s risk. Hence it has been proved that the Islam has given legal rights to the lender and allows some practical recovery strategies & tactics to recover the funds from the underprivileged borrowers. This study will play a key role in risk mitigation for default and late payments.
The present research work focuses on mapping, monitoring, change detection, deforestation impacts and prioritization of deforestation factors. From our research it has been revealed that mapping area is of polygon shape and these polygons have been divided into four regions; region one comprises of two divisions Sukkur and Shikarpur (the total area of polygon is 199695 ha) official forest area of both divisions is (61116 ha). Region two comprises of two divisions Larkana and Dadu (the total area of polygon is 222808.79ha) official forest area of both divisions is (65124.7287 ha). Region three also comprises of two divisions Nawabshah and Hyderabad (the total area of polygon is 178266.7943ha), official forest area of both divisions is (68642.785 ha). Fourth region comprises of only Thatta division (the total area of polygon is 94226.6571ha) and official forest area is (51979.66 ha). Secondly our research revealed alarming changes in the whole region which have been continuously monitored from 1979 to 2010. The overall forest cover in 1979 was 28.86%, 1992, 23.80%, 1998, 9.59%, 2000, 6.44%, 2006, 5.47%, 2009, 3.89%, 2009-12, 3.71% and 2010, 2.96%; overall change observed in forest area is 25.07%. Similarly the study focused on regional temperature by continuous monitoring of riverine forest from 1992 to 2009, the average temperatures in 1992 were 39 °C, 1998, 43.38°C, 2000, 36.56°C, 2003, 42.42°C and 2009, 44.34°C. The variations of temperatures have influenced and impacted overall climate of the Indus basin, which has changed the riverine ecosystem. The satellite data indicates a significant rise in average temperatures to 4.15OC (1992- 2009). This variation in temperature has brought about associated factors such as deforestation, droughts, global warming and socioeconomic conditions. These changes in temperature and forest cover have a direct impact on depended factors such as Temperature Increase 7%, Reduction of Grazing area 22%, reduction in livestock 22%, Mass Migration 15%, Poverty 24%, Land Encroachment 8% and Bad law and order 7%, all these factors have been affected by deforestation in Indus basin.