مولانا حافظ احمد سعید دہلوی
قلم یہیں تک پہنچا تھا کہ اچانک مولانا حافظ احمد سعید صاحب دہلوی کی وفات حسرت آیات کی اطلاع ملی۔اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔مولانا جمعیۃ العلمائے ہند کے بانیوں میں سے تھے اوراس کے پہلے جنرل سیکرٹری تھے۔ اس حیثیت سے انھوں نے ملک میں دورے کیے اورجگہ جگہ تقریریں کیں،یہ زمانہ تحریک خلافت کے شباب کازمانہ تھا۔مولانا کی تقریروں نے دھوم مچا دی اوربچہ بچہ کی زبان پران کانام تھا۔دلّی کی ٹکسالی زبان بولتے اوراسی میں گھنٹوں خاص لب ولہجہ کے ساتھ تقریر کرتے تھے۔اس لیے اُن کی گفتگو اورتقریر دونوں اس قدر شیریں اورشگفتہ ہوتی تھیں کہ بس ’’وہ کہیں اورسُنا کرے کوئی‘‘۔ قرآن مجید کے بہت اچھے حافظ تھے اوراُس کے ساتھ بڑا شغف رکھتے تھے۔نہایت آسان زبان میں قرآن کاترجمہ وتفسیر لکھ رہے تھے جو غالباً پایۂ تکمیل کو پہنچ گئی ہے۔ دینیات پرمتعدد کتابیں بھی ان کی یادگار ہیں۔ متعدد بارحریت وطن کی راہ میں جیل گئے۔ طبعاً بے حد خلیق، ملنسار، خوش طبع اوربڑے بذلہ سنج بزرگ تھے۔ اگرچہ ادھر دوبرس سے جمعیتہ کے صدر تھے لیکن چند درچند عوارض واسقام کے باعث برسوں سے گوشہ نشین ہوگئے تھے۔دلی سے باہر کے لوگ اُن کی تقریر سننے کو ترستے تھے مگرانھوں نے سفر کرنا بالکل ترک کردیا تھا۔عجب باغ وبہار انسان تھے۔ان کا فقرہ فقرہ زبان کی لطافت ونفاست کامرقع ہوتا تھا۔دلّی وہ دلّی ہی نہیں رہی ہے۔ اب ایسے بزرگ کہاں ملیں گے؟کل من علیھا فان ویبقیٰ وجہ ربک ذوالجلال والاکرام۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ کروٹ کروٹ جنت نصیب اورصدیقین وشہدا کامقام جلیل عطافرمائے۔آمین [دسمبر۱۹۵۹ء]
To maintain and enhance social peace and mutual interaction among people it is mandatory to resolve their mutual conflicts. The eradication of mutual conflicts and working for reconciliation is obligatory on the Muslims. Al-mighty Allah has declared reconciliation and resolution of conflicts among all the Muslims as legitimate action. There are numerous verses of the Holy Quran and Hadith of the Prophet where Muslims have been ordered for reconciliation aiming to promote brotherhood and peace in society. The main rationale behind this is to bring harmony and peace in the social order of life. What are the pre-requisites of reconciliation from Sharia’s perspective, in which conflict reconciliation is permissible and in which cases it is not allowed. This study emphasizes to answer the above mentioned question. Furthermore, efforts have been made to provide a sharia’s foundation for those who are involved in the process of reconciliation in the form of Taḥkīm. This will not only encourage them, but will help in the maintenance of peace in the society. Similarly, a comparison will also be made between the merits and demerits of Pakhtūn’s traditional reconciliation process, and important suggestions will be made to make the Pakhtūn’s traditional reconciliation process more productive and valuable.
Water deficit is one of the major limitations in harvesting potential crop yields. Exogenous application of polyamines and crop nutrition may help in improving the crop productivity under water limited conditions. During this study, consisted of three pot and two field experiments, the role of polyamines and nitrogen application for improving the maize performance under different soil moisture regimes was investigated. In first pot experiment, maize hybrids Pioneer 30-Y-87, Pioneer 31-R-88, Pioneer 32-W-86, Pioneer 3025 and Pioneer 3062 were grown in plastic pots maintained at 80, 60, 40 and 20% water holding capacity (WHC) for screening against drought. Performance of maize hybrid Pioneer 31-R-88 was better (in terms of seedling biomass, leaf area and leaf water status), so was selected as drought resistant; whereas, performance of Pioneer 30-Y-87 was poor and was designated as drought sensitive. In second and third pot experiments, conducted for optimizing the levels and methods of polyamines application, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mM polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were exogenously applied as seed treatment and were foliar sprayed on maize hybrids Pioneer 31-R-88 (drought resistant) and Pioneer 30-Y-87 (drought sensitive) sown at 80 and 40% soil WHC. Although application of all polyamines, both as seed treatment and foliar spray, at all rates substantially improved the seedlings vigor, leaf area and leaf water status at both soil moisture regimes in both the tested hybrids; however, application at 0.1mM of all polyamines was more effective. In two years field experiments, two maize hybrids Pioneer 31-R-88 and Pioneer 30-Y-87 were grown at three moisture regimes viz. -15, -30 and -45 kPa. In first field experiment, 0.1 mM each of putrescine, spermidine and spermine were foliage applied. In second field experiment, nitrogen was applied as basal dose, half as basal dose +half at knee height, half as basal dose + half at tasseling, half at knee height +half at tasseling and one third as basal dose + one third at knee height +one third at tasseling. Foliage application of 0.1 mM putrescine was the most effective and economical to improve the maize productivity under normal and water deficit conditions. Nitrogen application in three splits (one third as basal dose + one third at knee height +one third at tasseling) was the most effective and economical to harvest good maize crop. In crux, application of 0.1mM putrescine and nitrogen in three splits improved the productivity and water economy of hybrid maize in water-limited environments.