كلمة الشكر و التقدیر
الحمد ﷲ ربّ العالمین والصلاۃ والسلام علیٰ أشرف الأنبیاء والمرسلین نبینا وحبیبنا محمد النبي الصادق الأمین وعلی آلہِ وأصحابہِ وأزواجہِ والتابعین ومن تبعھم بإحسان إلی یومِ الدِّین،......... أما بعد:
مع شکري وتقدیري واحترامي العظيم أسطر ھذہِ الکلمات المتواضعۃ لأساتذتي الذین ساھموا معي لإنجاز ھذا العمل۔
أولاً، بعد اﷲ سبحانہ وتعالی یشرفني ویسعدني أن أقدم الشکر الجزیل إلی الشخص المثالي صاحب العزۃ والمقامۃ وصاحب المکانۃ المرموقۃ والمرتبۃ العالیۃ العالم الكبير والفاضل والإنسان النبيل الأستاذ الدکتور سلیم طارق خان المحترم رئیس الجامعۃ(سابقاً)، الجامعۃ الإسلامیہ ببھاولفور وهوكان المشرف علی رسالتي(رسالة الدكتوراة) وهو شعر نازك الملائكة وبروين شاكر(دراسة مقارنة)، ولو لا فضلہ وإحسانہ ومعاونتہ لي بعد اﷲ سبحانہ وتعالی لما استطعت أن أنجز ھذا العمل ، لقد استفدتُ من علمہِ وإرشاداتہِ وخبراتہِ في کل خطوۃ من الخطوات وفي کل لحظۃ من اللحظات لصالح ھذا الكتاب۔ فھو الإنسان الذي یستحق کل التقدیر وقد شجعني لكتابة وطبع هذا الكتاب وأدعو لہ من ﷲ عزوجل أن یعطیہِ المزید من التقدم والنجاح في الدارین، و قد حصل سيادتهُ على المناصب العالية، رئيس قسم اللغة العربية (سابقاً)، وعميد الكلية (سابقاً)، ثم رئيس الجامعة الإسلامية ببهاولفور(سابقاً)، ولسيادتهِ الكثير من المؤلفات والمقالات وقدَّم الكثير من الخدمات للعلم واللغة العربية.
كما يشرفني ويسعدني ان أقدم بكل إحترامي وتقديري خالص الشكر والتقدير لصاحب المكانة العالية للعالم الجليل والأستاذ الكبير والإنسان العظيم الذي كلهُ عِلم وخبرة وتواضع وله مكانة مرموقة بين العلم والعلماء وفضيلته قام بدراسة ومراجعة الكتاب وأضاف الكثير من أفكاره وكلماته العظيمة في المقدمة و أيضاً قام فضيلته بتقديم التقريظ الممتاز، فسيادته قام بإعطاء الوقت الكافي لكتابي المتواضع ولا أستطيع أُلخص جُهودهُ العظيمة في أسطر قليلة، وهو الأستاذ الفاضل الدكتور المحترم إبراهيم محمد إبراهيم السيد من مواليد دولة المصر العربية مصري الجنسية والحاصل على الدكتوراه في اللغة...
Background: Nephrotoxicity of ibuprofen is a growing international public health problem in the wake of excessive use of the drug for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases in both adults and pediatric patients. Objectives: To present an overview of the protective effect of the green tea on ibuprofen-induced changes in the biochemical markers of the adult rat kidneys. Methods: It is an experimental study conducted in the department of Anatomy, Army Medical College Rawalpindi. The investigation was led on 30 male and non-pregnant female Sprague Dawley rodents of 9-11 weeks old enough and going in weight from 200-330 gm. The animals were divided into three groups consisting of 10 animals each; group A served as control, each animal in group B was given ibuprofen at a dose of 120 mg/kg/day and each animal in group C was given both green tea at a dose of 1ml/100g/day and Ibuprofen 120mg/kg body weight for a period of 9 weeks. Ibuprofen manufactured by Abbot Laboratories (Pvt.) Limited was utilized. Green tea was obtained from local market. Data was collected at the end of experimental period and was analyzed using SPSS version 22. One Way ANOVA was exerted, afterwards by post-hoc Tukey test to find out intergroup differences for quantitative variables. The results were depicted as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± SD). A p value < 0.05 was believed significant. Results: Green tea administration had a significantly favorable effect on serum urea (mg/dl) (Group A=21.9 ± 2.8, Group B=93.2 ± 3.9, Group C=36.4± 3.0; p<0.001) and serum creatinine (mg/dl) (Group A=0.9 ± 0.22, Group B=2.4± 0.52, Group C=0.97 ± 0.3; p<0.001). Conclusions: Green tea had ameliorative effects on the ibuprofen-induced changes in the biochemical markers of the adult rat kidneys.
Climate Change is undeniable fact with pronounced effects on human life especially food produce. Agricultural policy makers require accurate and timely information regarding crop performance, shifting of cropping patterns and allied information pertaining to changing climate. A method was developed to efficiently monitor and predict changes in crop pattern with the changing climate in the province of Punjab using satellite data process and GIS. In this research firstly, changes in temperature and rainfall from 1980 to 2015 were assessed at district level in comparison with the data of 1951 to 1980. Secondly, using multi-temporal remote sensing in combination with crop statistics crop area maps was developed. Thirdly, remote sensing based crop profiles were generated from 2000 till 2014. Lastly, the changes in crop performance were compared with temperature and rainfall variations. The outcomes demonstrated that increase in temperature influences production of crops and a critical adverse relationship on yield and production was found with temperature rise or fall. Punjab province was divided into three equivalent imaginary parts (Northern, Central and Southern divisions) and was found that the most extreme increment in the temperature occurred in the Southern division i.e. lower Punjab (DG khan, Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur). In Central portion i.e. Faisalabad, likewise raised temperature was observed. While in Northern Punjab temperature remained less than the normal range. As far as precipitation is concerned, increase in precipitation took place in Central Eastern and Northern segment i.e. Gujrat, Lahore, Sheikhupura and Kasur; while extreme decline in precipitation happened in Central Western and Southern potions i.e. Bahawalnagar, Sargodha, Chiniot and Pakpattan. Enormous negative effects of temperature increase were found on cotton crop in July and August. For maize, adverse effect of expanding temperature in the month of May was observed; while rain in the period of September positively contributed.Rise in November temperature has a positive impact on wheat; however, December temperature has a negative impact on wheat production. Major important facts like mentioned above can be easily derived from this study and may be taken as guide line for various agriculture departments to predict their crop production / yield very accurately at every stage of crop cycle through remote sensing images and GIS. Farmers and agriculturists may be educated about the effects of these variables i.e. temperature and rainfall on crop growth from sowing to harvesting, even on monthly basis. This would entail better crop monitoring, requirement of water at every stage of crop cycle, accurate estimation of yield and better adaption / mitigation strategies for the future.