دخترِ نیل:ڈاکٹر ولا جمال العسیلی(تعارف و تبصرہ)
تبصرہ نگار: مُنیر عباس سِپرا
(پی ایچ۔ڈی سکالر شعبہ اُردو، منہاج یونیورسٹی لاہور)
عرب ممالک میں اُردو سے محبت کرنی والی ایک ایسی شخصیت موجود ہے جنہوں نے ایم۔اے اُردو، پھر ڈاکٹریٹ کی ڈگری بھی اُردو میں حاصل کی۔مصر سے تعلق رکھنے والی عرب نژاد اُردو شاعرہ، افسانہ نگار ،کالم نگار، سفر نامہ نگار ڈاکٹر ولا جمال العسلی ہیں ۔
ڈاکٹر ولا جمال نے پی ایچ۔ڈی کی ڈگری کے حصول کے لیے مقالہ بہ عنوان "فہمیدہ ریاض کی شاعری "لکھا۔اس وقت عین شمس یونی ورسٹی مصر کے شعبہ اُردو میں تدریسی خدمات سرانجام دے رہی ہیں ۔
مادری زبان عربی بولنے والی ڈاکٹر ولا جمال کی اُردو سے والہانہ محبت ہم اُردو والوں کے لیے ایک قابل فخر بات ہے۔وہ اُردو سے پیار کا اظہار کچھ یوں کرتی ہیں :
اس کے ہر لفظ میں ہے اس لیے سمٹی خوشبو
دختر نیل کی سانسوں میں گھلی ہے اُردو
یہ شعر ان کی کتاب "دخترِ نیل " میں بہ طور انتساب شامل ہے۔اسی کتاب کے پیش لفظ میں وہ اُردو سے پیار کا اقرار کچھ یوں بھی کرتی ہیں:
"میں اُردو سے عقیدت کی حد تک محبت رکھتی ہوں ۔اُردو کے لیے خود کو وقف کر دیتی ہوں ۔اپنی زندگی میں اسے سب سے زیادہ اہمیت دیتی ہوں۔"(پیش لفظ:ص14)
نے اُردو سے اپنی محبت کا ثبوت کچھ اس طرح دیا ہے کہ متنوع اور فکر انگیز موضوعات کو مختلف اصناف میں طبع آزمائی کرکے پیش کیا ہے۔لیکن ان کی وجہ شہرت شاعری بن چکی ہے۔ان کا شاعری کا پہلا مجموعہ "سمندر ہے درمیان" کے نام سے شائع ہوا، یہ...
The enormous development in the telecommunications and media technology reduced disparities between time and space, in the age of the Internet and social networking it shaped an electronic community in the form of a real community. So, if dialogue is a religious principle then interaction and mutual understanding between nations and peoples is considered a goal in Islam, since God's wisdom in His creation that people are different, therefore sacred texts came encourage such interaction. Communication and interaction between peoples is an authentic human tendency, a continuous cultural movement and an effective mean of social coexistence, that strengthening the bonds of rapprochement and mutual understanding between human beings, that is why social communication is usually known as the mutual interaction between individuals, this interaction is a type of social networking through the media and various communication that develop and deepening the social connections.
Foreign investment law is an emergent new law field, in which legal framework over global investments are discussed. The country of origin from where the investment is coming or originated is called as the ‘home’ country, whereas the recipient country of that investment is called as the ‘host’ country. Foreign investment law comprises the very principles of customary international law and international investment treaties involving the economic relations of two countries. One important subject in this field of law is the multinational agreements between the countries, like the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). This study primarily relates to examine the investment laws and its procedure of three South Asian countries, i.e., Pakistan, China, and Malaysia - as to how foreign investment has contributed towards the development of these respective countries. In the first Chapter, brief introduction encompassing different definitions, concepts, and principles underlying this field of law are examined. Under the study, the international investment regime is explored, i.e. characteristics, types of international investment laws, and international institutions dealing with the investment laws. Core issues like the interpretation of bilateral investment treaties and internationally recognized protection clauses are also reviewed. The study critically examines the vires of Pakistan investment laws and procedure keeping in view of the above cited principles of international investment laws and as to how by promulgating more investment friendly laws, the investment landscape can be changed. Later on, bilateral investment treaty regimes of Pakistan and its economic relations arising therefrom are focused in great detail. The study reveals that Pakistan has a weaker international investment regime due to which its economy is under pressure from undeliberated BITs that were signed by the different government officials without looking into the contents of these agreements. The study further reveals that Pakistan should develop its own Bilateral Investment Treaties Model instead of following the infested Bilateral Investment Treaties, that need an immediate revocation. Analyzing the international investment vi regime of China and Malaysia, the study suggests that there is a linkage between the overall investment environment, i.e. prosperity, law & order situation, natural resources, as well as investment in these countries, which helped them to achieve the investment gradually and steadily. Both China and Malaysia are taking full advantage of BITs executed with other countries. The study also highlights that for attracting the foreign investment, Pakistan should also review its national laws on investment and more focus on friendly bilateral investment treaties regime that ought to protect both Pakistani interest and interests of investors. The respective study is mainly analytical, thematic, and evaluative in nature, and includes an interpretation of available empirical, historical, and interpretive literature on the subject of investment law. This study involves qualitative and quantitative and exploratory methods of research.