میں تُو اور پیڑ
جب ہم روز ملا کرتے تھے
ہم کیا کیا باتیں کرتے تھے
وقت وہ کیسے بدل گیا ہے
تُو بھی کتنا جھوٹا نکلا
میں بھی کتنا جھوٹا نکلا
تُو نے بھی سب جھوٹ کہا تھا
میں نے بھی سب جھوٹ کہا تھا
ہم جس پیڑ کے نیچے بیٹھے
دنیا کو جھوٹا کہتے تھے
میں اک روز وہاں سے گزرا
پیڑ بھی وہ حیران کھڑا تھا
ہر اک ٹہنی ٹوٹ چکی تھی
پتّا پتّا خشک ہوا تھا
میں کتنا حیران ہوا تھا
The slowing spread of Covid-19 infections has brought positive changes in the education sector. The issue of implementing limited face to face learning begins to excite students in gaining knowledge. Online learning effects for approximately two years was relatively difficult to keep students away from themselves. This study time to determine how the level of student learning readiness in facing offline learning. This was quantitative research with a survey type. The population were State vocatoonal high school 2 Kendari students, totaling 558 students. The sample was drawn randomly with a magnitude estimated using the Slovin formula at a significance of 5% so that the total sample size was 233 students. Data were collected by learning readiness scale. Data were analyzed descriptively and comparative statistics. The results showed that the learning readiness of State vocatoonal high school Negeri 2 Kendari students was in the high category and female students had a higher level of learning readiness than male students.
This dissertation was aimed to investigate the thermophysical properties of commercial building materials and lab-made bio-waste added fired clay bricks for sustainable energy conservation in buildings. The commercial bricks were intentionally saturated by NaCl solutions of different molar concentrations (0-5 M) for 10 days and then freeze-dried for halite crystallization. Lab-made bricks were prepared by addition of tea-waste, sawdust, and wheat straw in different proportions into the clay. The composite clay bricks were dried and then, sintered in an electric furnace at two different temperatures (500°C and 980°C). Different building stones were taken from market whereas limestones differing in elevation range were taken from a mountain. The thermal properties of building materials were measured by Transient Plane Source (TPS) technique and ASTM standards were followed for physical characterization of the brick samples. The proximate analysis, FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD analysis, and SEM analysis were carried out to elaborate the chemical, mineral, structural and morphological properties of the samples. Results showed that the moisture and NaCl concentration significantly increased thermophysical properties of brick samples and this adverse effect was discussed by considering thermal properties of NaCl solutions, diffusion rate and saturation period. While thermophysical and mechanical properties of bio-waste added bricks were decreased due to change in mineral composition and porosity generation by inflammable nature of bio-waste. However, compressive strength of lab-made bricks were in the acceptable range specified by Pakistan Building Code (i.e. > 5 MPa). On comparison with commercial brick, 2-4 wt.% tea waste, 2-6 wt.% sawdust and 1-2 wt.% wheat straw addition were suitable for production of thermally insulated, mechanically strong, and environmentally friendly bricks. Thermophysical analysis of building stones showed graphical relations for the assessment of thermal conductivity from the physical properties. Experimental and predicted thermal conductivity of limestones at moist and dry states showed that in situ measurement is necessary for precise determination of thermal properties. The variations in thermal properties of limestones as a function of temperature were described by considering mineral compositions and heat transfer mechanism. The overall results suggest that the spinoff of this work is a helpful resource for up to date and accurate information about thermophysical properties of building materials and new fired clay bricks products for energy savings in buildings.