Fasting Gastric Acidity Evidential Effect on Esophageal Mucosal Damage

Gastric substances that potentially increase the esophageal mucosal damage are: gastric acid, pepsin, bile salts, and pancreatic enzymes. From all of these substances, the highest potential for reflux damage is gastric acid. Although the main cause of clinical symptoms of GERD is acid reflux, it has been known that there are subgroups with typical reflux symptoms that do not provide sufficient response or not responsive to PPI treatment. Despite the improvement of esophagitis, there is no clinical improvements in reflux symptoms of 30% respondents. Therefore, this study was designed to determine fasting gastric acidity with endoscopic findings in patients with GERD. A comparative-analysis study, which determine the fasting gastric acidity from endoscopic findings in patients with GERD. Samples recruited using consecutives sampling technique and divided into groups of esophagitis and non-esophagitis reflux. A total of 40 samples involved in this study. The Mann-Whitney test, was used for analyzing the difference between fasting gastric acidity from endoscopic findings of esophagitis lesions in patient with GERD. The median value for fasting gastric acidity in the esophagitis reflux group was 1.88 (0.82-4.84), whereas the median value for fasting gastric acidity in the non-esophagitis reflux group was 2.49 (0.68-5.97). The Mann-Whitney test result was p=0.298 (p>0.05). This study shows that there is no significant difference of fasting gastric acidity from endoscopic findings between esophagitis and non esophagitis reflux groups in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study shows that esophagitis lesions are not affected by gastric acidity.

Causes and Effects of Job Stress on the Performance and Job Satisfaction of Para- Medics of Plubic Sector Hospitals, A Case Study of Public Sector Hospitals of Peshawar .

It is of utmost significance to understand how job stress affects female nursing staff and what are the main sources of job stress in the hospital environment. It is also of great importance to retrieve more information about working conditions, performance and job satisfaction. The information can be utilized to reduce job stress and increase performance and job satisfaction. This research study explored what factors contribute to the job stress of female nurses in public sector hospitals. The significance of female nursing staff in the hospital setting cannot be ignored. The study identifies what are the main sources of job stress of nursing staff, how it affects the job performance and job satisfaction of nurses. Rush of patients, visitors, attendants etc, lack of sufficient resources, lack of professional respect, lack of accommodation, work overload etc are the main causes of job stress. The findings also suggest that strenuous conditions of nurses are felt more severely among the public sector hospital’s nurses. Preventive measures are suggested based on findings on how to diminish job stress of female nursing staff of public sector hospitals and thereby contribute to maintaining a satisfied and contented Nursing staff. The purpose of the research project was to obtain information that could be utilized by administration in health related organizations.