Men Working in Female-Dominated Professions: A stigma or facilitation?

Gender roles not only keep men and women in different spheres of family and social life but they also promote gender segregation in the education sector and professional life. There is a lot of research being conducted on women working in male dominated professions but there is scarcity of research regarding males working in female dominated professions. This study was conducted to explore the experiences of men working in female dominated professions. The first phase of this study collected quantitative data about the type female-dominated professions in Pakistan. Based on this data in-depth qualitative interviews were done with 5 professionals using snowball sampling: Nurse, Psychologist, Montessori teacher, Makeup artist/ Beautician, and Bus host. Thematic analysis was used to identify sub-themes presented in this study: (i) Reasons or motivation for joining nontraditional profession; (ii) Reaction of near and dear ones; (iii) Positive aspects of female dominated profession; (iv) Challenges of female dominated profession; (v) Professional journey; (vi) Being a minority in female majority; (vii) Struggle to maintain masculinity and (viii) Future aspirations. Study findings can be used to support male entry and retention in female dominated professions.

Impact of HR Outsourcing on Organizational Performance: A Multi Mediating Variables study

The rationale of this research study was to investigate the impact of HR Outsourcing on perceived organizational performance, also determining the mediating role of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in beverage industry of Pakistan. Literature guided about the direction of research, studying job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and perceived organizational performance, in context of human resource outsourcing assist to identify the research gap. Front level, middle level managers of beverage industry were taken as the total population for this study from Faisalabad region. Data was collected through structured questionnaire and were distributed by using convenient sampling technique. Questionnaires were distributed to 250 individuals. The statistical techniques used in this study to analyze the data are frequency distribution, descriptive statistics, the Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS software version 20. Results conclude that there is a positive and significance relationship between human resource outsourcing and organizational performance, findings also shows that mediators (Job satisfaction and organizational commitment) is influencing between dependent and independent variable. Managerial implications suggest that organizations should establish effective communication across all level of the organization and involve employees in the phase of outsourcing HR process.