مولانا محفوظ الرحمن نامی
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں مولانا محفوظ الرحمن صاحب نامی بھی وفات پاگئے۔مرحوم دیوبند کے تعلیم یا فتہ اور علماً وعملاً اس کی روایات کے حامل تھے۔ آزادی کے بعد اتر پردیش میں پارلیمنٹری سکریٹری بھی ہوگئے تھے اور اسی زمانہ میں راقم الحروف کواُن کے ساتھ قیام کرنے اور ان کی فیاضانہ مہربانی سے لطف اندوز ہونے کا متعددبار موقع ملاتھا۔مگریہ جامۂ تنگ ان کے قامت آزاد پر راس نہیں آیا۔اس لیے جلدہی استعفاء دے دامن جھاڑ کر کھڑے ہوگئے اوراب انھوں نے اپنی زندگی مسلمان بچّوں اور بچّیوں کوقرآن مجید کی تعلیم کے ساتھ ساتھ عربی زبان کی تعلیم کے لیے وقف کردی جومرحوم کے نزدیک ملک کے موجودہ حالات میں مسلمانوں کودین پرقائم رکھنے کے لیے بہت ضروری تھی۔چنانچہ اس سلسلہ میں ایک نئے طرز پرانھوں نے متعدد رسالے اور کتابیں لکھیں اوراُن کی اشاعت اورتبلیغ کے لیے دوردراز کے سفر کیے۔ کام ہمت اور طاقت سے بہت زیادہ تھا اس لیے اچانک فالج کاحملہ ہوا اور اس میں ایسے مبتلاہوئے کہ ایک مرتبہ جوپڑے توپھر اٹھنا نصیب نہیں ہوا ۔آخر پانچ چھ برس کی مسلسل معذوری اور بے بسی کے بعد گذشتہ ماہ داعی اجل کو لبیک کہہ گئے ۔رحمہ اﷲ رحمۃً واسعۃً۔ [دسمبر ۱۹۶۳ء]
Child labor has been considered the most troubling & one of the greatest problems of great concern in the modern world, since it has not only negative effects on the child himself, but also on his family & society in general. However, it is a reality that can commonly & frequently be observed in the emerging & backward nations now a day where expropriated & evicted people take their young ones to workplaces to compete with their livelihoods. This article seeks to highlight the status of child labor & its solution in the light of Qur᾽an & Sunnah as many experts and platforms have offered their own solution. The study population consisted of scholars &the teachers/A᾽ema Kerām of religious institutions (Madrasah) of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Bannu, while its sample included 30 scholars & teachers/A᾽ema of different Madrasah in the Bannu District. The researcher has adopted content & methodologies of the interview from the respondents to explore this issue in detail. This study has the sole objective of: to find out solution of the Child Labour in the light of Holy Qur᾽an & Sunnah. This article summarizes the conclusion that holy religion of Muslims(Islam) strictly prohibit child labour, although allows child labour in some special cases, such as light work & character building activities which is
The work reported here deals with the bio-assay guided isolation of secondary metabolites from Cestrum nocturnum (leaves) and Cestrum diurnum (leaves and berries). First part of the dissertation deals with the biological activities of different parts of the selected plants while second part describes the purification and characterization of the isolated constituents. Shade dried plant material was extracted with methanol. The concentrated methanolic extract was fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and iso-butanol and extractive values determined. All the collected extracts were screened for anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-leishmanial activities. The anti-oxidant experiment was also conducted with all the parts. Crude extract of aerial part of C. nocturnum displayed 57 % antioxidant activity while one of its isolated fractions (ethyl acetate) displayed a maximum of 67 % antioxidant activity. Similarly, the crude extract of aerial parts of CD i.e., aerial part without fruit, green fruit, ripe fruit, exhibited 86, 81 and 90 % antioxidant activities respectively. The hexane fraction of CD green fruit showed higher antioxidant potential (87 %) than its crude methanolic extract. Due to our interest in saponins for further studies, they were selectively isolated and processed in the same way for antioxidant activities in crude form from both the plants. The highest antioxidant activity was found with the CD ripe fruit CS extract (90 %) while the least one was with both the aerial parts of the two plants (approx. 80 %). The results obtained with nine microbial strains were moderate. S. typhii was the most resistant strain. On the average gram positive bacteria showed good zone of inhibition with Cestrum diurnum. Gram negative strains showed good results mostly with Cestrum nocturnum. The crude saponins extracts of berries were the most active giving zone of inhibition in the range of 8.5-15mm. Incredible anti-leishmanial activities are being reported for the selected plants. All the plant extracts exhibited hundred percent inhibition of the leishmania parasite. Second part of the thesis deals with the isolation and purification of the secondary metabolites of C. nocturnum and C. diurnum. Hum-V isolated from C. nocturnum was characterised using different spectroscopic techniques as (25R)- spirost-5ene-2,3-diol, [2α, 3β] 3-O-{β-Dglucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl{(1→4)-β-Dxylopyranosyl] (1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside). It was reported as nocturnoside A. Another reported compound was also purified and characterized as karatavoiside A, spirost-5-ene-2,3-diol [2α, 3β,25R], 3-O- [β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)] {-β-Dxylopyranosyl( 1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)}-β-D-galactopyranoside. A new compound isolated from the same specie, elucidated as 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside-olean- 12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-β-arabinopyranosyl-(1-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-2)- β-Lglucopyranosyl-( 1-4)- β-L-glgucopyranosyl ester.
