راکی ولسن کا’’مینار محبت‘‘
کائنات میں اشرف المخلوقات ہونے کا شرف صرف انسان کو حاصل ہے تمام مخلوقات میں انسان سب سے زیادہ با اختیار بھی ہے۔احساسات و جذبات بھی سب سے زیادہ انسان ہی رکھتا ہے۔اسی لیے وہ ازل سے اپنے خیالات کا اظہار کرتا آیا ہے۔کبھی آرٹ ،تصاویر،لوک داستانیں اور کبھی شعر وادب کی صورت زبان کا اظہار بہترین ذریعہ ہے۔لفظوں کو ایک خاص انداز میں اپنے خیالات کے اظہار لے لیے استعمال کرنا شاعری ہے۔راکی ولسن نے بھی اپنے خیالات کے اظہار کے لیے خوبصورت الفاظ کا استعمال کیا ہے۔اس لیے اسکی شاعری و خود جذبات کے تحت وجود میں آتی ہے۔
راکی نے رشتو ں ناتوں میں بٹے ہوئے انسان کو اس کی خوشیوں،غموں،امنگوں، آرزوؤں،اْمیدوں،نا امیدوں،رویوں اور ولولوں کو اپنا موضوع بنایا ہے۔اسکی بے ساختہ شاعری فطرت انسانی کی عکاس ہے،وہ موضوعاتی شاعری پر بھی طبع آزمائی کرتے دکھائی دیتے ہیں۔انکی شاعری میں متاثر کرنے کی زبردست صلاحیت موجود ہے۔یہ صلاحیت صدق دل اور خلوص نیت کے بغیر حاصل نہیں ہوتی۔یہ خلوص نیت ان کے مجموعہ کلام ’’مینار محبت‘‘ میں محبت بانٹتے ہوئے دکھائی دیتا ہے۔آپ کے اس مجموعہ کلام اجمالی جائزہ کچھ اس طرح سے ہے۔
اگرچہ شاعر نے شاعری کی روایت سے ہٹ کر اس کتا کو شروع کیا ہے۔مگر اس کے باوجود وہ اپنے پروردگار کو بھولے نہیں۔کہتے ہیں کہ ہر شے میں اس ذات باری تعالیٰ کا جلوہ موجود ہے اسی لیے تو کائنات کی ہر شے اس کی خوبصورتی کو دیکھنا چاہتی ہے،آج راکی صاحب جو کچھ بھی ہیں وہ سب اس ذات کی کرم نوازی کی وجہ سے ممکن ہوا ہے:
حسن فطرت کے مظہر ہے تیری شان وجیہہ
تیری دید کی طالب ہر آنکھ شیدائی ہے
Language is the identity of a nation, a region and a territory, which serves as a link between the people of that nation and territory. On the other hand, it causes unity, uniformity, brotherhood and love. That’s why study of language has been the subject of conversation of scholars and researchers from the very first day. Wherever human beings exist on this earth planet, there are languages with their noun, verb, preposition and its sub kinds i. E. Present, past and future tense, subject, Object and pronoun. A complete structure of language is founded upon which the learned men have made valuable contribution in various decades. Survival and development of these languages owe to the efforts of these learned people. The current research study is also an effort in which discussion has been made with reference to Arabic language. Arabic is the fourth largest language of the world. It is spoken and understood in Saudi Arabia, U. A. E, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Jordon and Morocco. 3 The Universities all over the world, particularly those Universities which have leading role in the present time, not only adopt Arabic Language as medium of instruction but are not second to the Arabs in respect of Arabic Language. The present article discusses the one aspect of this historical grand language namely “derivation”. What is the source of derivation in the Arabic Language? How words are formed and how they are refined. What are different theories regarding derivation. This article is an effort to explain all these aspects
An Artificial Compressibility Formulation for Phase-field Model and its Application to Two-phase Flows With the advent of high-speed computers, computational methods have become a very useful tool for solving problems in science and engineering along with analytical and ex perimental approaches. The starting point of computational methods is the mathematical model, the form, and origin of which depends on the particular field of study. Many im portant physical processes in nature are governed by partial differential equations (PDE’s). For this reason, it is important to understand the physical behavior of the PDE’s. Also, the knowledge of mathematical character, properties, and solution of the equations are re quired. A proper mathematical model and a good numerical method can provide realistic answerstocomplexphysicalphenomenaforwhichanalyticalsolutionmaynotbeavailable in a finite time. Two-phase flow occurs in nature and many areas of physical and biological sciences like oil recovery processes (water and oil), blood flow (plasma and blood cell), mud-flow (wa ter and suspended particles), atmosphere and ocean system (air and water), cloud and fog (water and air). In dealing with the two-phase flow, an important consideration is how to modelthemovinginterface/surface. Nevertheless,thePDEsdescribingthetwo-phaseflow are highly nonlinear and stiff so it is difficult to solve them analytically and a numerical simulation is an alternate option. The numerical solution obtained may only approximate that of original problem or at least within some required tolerance of the true solution. However,accuratesimulationofmovinginterfacepresentsaproblemofconsiderablediffi cultyandisthereforeverychallengingfordevelopingnumericalmethodsusinglarge-scale computation. Also, the boundary conditions need a particular treatment near the moving interface during numerical simulations. Shocks in the compressible flows, vortex sheets in inviscid flows, and boundaries between immiscible fluids are some of the very known examples. Mathematicalmodelsadoptedinbothanalyticalandnumericalstudiesforavarietyoftwo phase flow with moving interface are classified into two types, i.e., sharp interface models and diffuse interface models. Sharp interface models like level set method assume that the interface has zero thickness. However, in the phase transition, the existence of a transition region introduces the idea of the diffuse interface that allows the interface to have finite thickness. Onetypeofdiffuse-interfacemodelsofparticularinterestisaphase-fieldmodel by an introduction of a phase-field variable that represents the interface. In this approach, the phase-field variable is a continuous function in space and time. Phase-field models are numerically attractive for not tracking the interface explicitly but can be obtained as a part of the solution processes. InordertosolveunsteadyincompressibleNavier-Stokesequations,severalnumericalmeth ods are developed, including the artificial compressibility method. In this research work, a numerical algorithm based on artificial compressibility formulation of the phase-field modelisusedforsimulatingtwo-phaseflowsproblems. Thecoupledhydrodynamicalsys tem consists of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and volume preserving Allen Cahntypephase-fieldequationarerecastintoconservativeformswithsourceterms,which are suited for implementing high-order and high-resolution discretization schemes. The Boussinesq approximation is used for buoyancy effects in the flow with moderately differ ent densities. The performance of the numerical method is demonstrated by its application to some benchmark two-phase flow problems.