آہ ! مولانا ابولجلال ندوی مرحوم
کراچی سے یہ دکھ بھری خبر ملی کہ مولانا ابوالجلال ندوی، گزشتہ مہینہ ۱۰ محرم ۱۴۰۵ھ کو اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ کی آغوش رحمت کے سپرد ہوگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ وہ دارالمصنفین کے علمی خدمت گزاروں میں تھے، ان کا آبائی وطن تو اعظم گڑھ ہی کا ایک گاؤں محی الدین پور تھا، تعلیم دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء میں پائی، وہاں کے بڑے لائق اور ذی استعداد طلبہ میں شمار ہوتے تھے، ان کی طرف حضرت استاذی المحترم مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کی نظر اٹھی تو ان کو دارالمصنفین میں رفیق کی حیثیت سے بلا لیا، اور وہ یہاں ۱۹۲۳ء سے ۱۹۲۸ء تک رہے، انھوں نے یہاں رہ کر ہر قسم کے علوم و فنون میں بڑی گہری نظر پیدا کی، قرآن مجید، تفسیر، حدیث، رجال، فقہ، تاریخ اور ادب کے علاوہ وید، گیتا، اپنشد اور اس قسم کی ہندوؤں کی مذہبی کتابوں پر بھی ان کو بڑی دسترس حاصل تھی، وہ شاعر بھی تھے، اور کبھی کبھی شعر بھی کہہ لیا کرتے تھے، دارالمصنفین کے قیام میں معارف کے لیے حسب ذیل مضامین لکھے عربی زبان کا فلسفہ لغت (ستمبر ۱۹۲۳ء)، سر اکبر اپنشد داراشکوہ کا ترجمہ (دسمبر ۱۹۲۴ء؍ جنوری ۱۹۲۵ء)، اسلامی شمسی قمری سال نومبر ۱۹۲۵ء، دروزیوں کا مذہب (اپریل ۱۹۲۶ء) مستدرک حاکم کا مطبوعہ نسخہ (جولائی اگست ۱۹۲۶ء)، ان کو علم اشتقاق پر کتاب لکھنے کے لیے کہا گیا تھا، لیکن اس کو وہ پورا نہ کرسکے، ان کی طبیعت میں بڑا انتشار تھا، اسی لیے ان کا علمی فضل بھی منتشر رہا، جن کو وہ اس طرح سمیٹ نہ سکے، جیسا کہ ان کو کرنا چاہیے تھا، وہ دارالمصنفین سے مدراس چلے گئے، جہاں جمالیہ کالج کے لائق مدراس شمار کئے جاتے تھے، وہاں بھی ان کا بہت دنوں تک قیام نہیں رہا پھر ایک ہفتہ وار...
Qur’ān is the Words of Allah (SWT). Its interpretation is very difficult job because of the concept that how one can understand the will of Creator. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was the first exegete of Qur’ān. His companions were the next one. This chain is continuously running till now. In subcontinent, translations of Qur’ān and its exegesis work started in third century Hijrah. Hundreds and Thousands of Qur’ānic exegeses exist in subcontinent in Arabic, Persian, English and Urdu languages. In subcontinent Sir Syed, Modūdī, Farahī, Shabir Uthmānī, are the big names of the field. Everyone has chosen a secluded methodology/principle to interpret the Qur’ān. These principles are known as Usūl-e-Tafsīr. There are many differences among these Usūl, due to personnel mindset and social scenario of different era. The questions that why much diversity exists in these and what are its causes, are being addressed here in this article. On the basis of analytical study, it is found that reason behind this diversity is the concept that exegesis of Quran is based on verbal traditions instead intellectual. Secondly, no one compiled these principles/methods for interpretation of Qur’ān in early centuries. In ninetieth century, due to the challenge of science and Orientalism, some scholars compiled Usūl-e-Tafsīr according to their own understanding and some insisted on traditional continuity.
The study was primarily a quantitative and causal research. Its basic objective was to find out the nature and degree of macroeconomic factors that influence the performance of automobile industry in Pakistan from 1995 to 2010. The independent variables included per capita Gross National Income, Inflation Rate, Exchange Rate, Discount Rate, Unemployment Rate, Consumption Rate and Foreign Direct Investment. A sample of 10 firms was selected to explore the influence of macroeconomic variables on the performance of the firms and industry. The performance of the automobile industry was represented by Annual Sales, Annual Profit, Return on Assets, Return on Equity and Net Profit Margin. The impact of selected predictors was explored on five dependent variables of the industry. For this purpose, regression and correlation analysis was conducted to see the impact of macroeconomic variables on the performance of entire automobile industry. The panel data analysis revealed that Foreign Direct Investment was the most influential factor. In addition to this, Consumption rate, Discount rate and Unemployment rate also influenced the performance of automobile industry. Besides the analysis of entire industry, the impact of macroeconomic variables on the performance of individual firms was also studied. The analysis showed that the performance of all of the selected firms was influenced by one or more variables. Foreign Direct Investment appeared to be the most influential factor that helped improve the performance of firms in terms of sales and profitability. Other influential elements were Exchange rate, Consumption rate, Discount rate, Per Capita Gross National Income and Inflation rate. However, Unemployment rate appeared to be insignificant as its effect was almost negligible on the progress of individual firms. Therefore, this was concluded that the selected macroeconomic variables had significant impact on the performance of automobile industry in Pakistan from 1995 to 2010.