پنڈت تربھون ناتھ زارؔزتشی
اُردو زبان کے علمی اورادبی حلقوں میں اس خبرکو بڑی حسرت اورافسوس کے ساتھ سناگیا کہ پچھلے دنوں پنڈت تربھون ناتھ زارؔ زتشی نے ۹۲ بر س کی عمرمیں دلّی میں انتقال کیا۔ پنڈت جی کشمیری پنڈت تھے،ان کا خاندان اورنگ زیب عالمگیر کے عہدِ حکومت میں دلّی میں منتقل ہوگیاتھا۔اس بناء پریہ خاندان کشمیر اور دلّی دونوں کی خاص تہذیب اور کلچر، شرافت،علمی وادبی ذوق، حسن وجمال اور وسعتِ مشرب ایسے اوصاف وخصوصیات کاحامل ہے، پنڈت جی ان خصوصیات کا ایک اعلیٰ نمونہ ہونے کے باعث ان سب میں ممتاز تھے۔ سنسکرت کے علاوہ فارسی اوراُردو کے بھی نامور فاضل اورمحقق تھے۔شعروشاعری میں مرزا داغؔ سے تلمذِ خصوصی رکھتے تھے۔بلکہ غالباً وہ استادکی آخری یادگار تھے،دلّی زبان اوراُس کی کہاوتوں اورمحاورات پرانہیں جوعبور تھااُس میں وہ اپنی مثال آپ تھے۔اس سلسلہ میں یہ واقعہ دل چسپی سے سنا جائے گا کہ ۱۹۳۹ء میں جب پہلے پہل میرا تقرر سینٹ اسٹیفنس کالج دلی میں بحیثیت استاد کے ہوا اوردوسری کلاسوں کے ساتھ بی۔اے (فائنل) کی اُردو کلاس بھی مجھے پڑھانے کے لیے دی گئی توایک دن مولوی نذیر احمدصاحب دہلوی کی مشہور کتاب ’توبۃ النصوح‘ کلاس میں پڑھا رہا تھا کہ اچانک ’’سفوپہ نادری چڑھی‘‘ کا فقرہ سامنے آگیا۔اورچوں کہ مجھے اس کامطلب معلوم نہیں تھا اس لیے میں نے کلاس ختم کردی اور میں سیدھا اپنے استاد شمس العلماء مولوی عبدالرحمن صاحب کے مکان پر پہنچا اور ان سے اس فقرہ کامطلب دریافت کیا۔مولوی صاحب نے بہت کوشش کی، دماغ پربہت زورڈالا مگر بات نہ بنی ۔اتنے میں مولوی صاحب کے جگری دوست خواجہ عبدالمجید دہلوی جو دلّی کی ٹکسالی زبان اورمحاورات کے بڑے اور مسلّم ماہرتھے ادھرآنکلے، مولوی صاحب نے ان سے پوچھا لیکن حافظہ اوردماغ پربہت کچھ زورڈالنے کے باوجود انہیں بھی کامیابی نہیں ہوئی۔ آخر خواجہ صاحب نے پنڈت...
This article elaborates the essence and value of Tazkia. The importance of Tazkia (The purification of Soul) may be known from the fact that Allah Ta, ala in the Holy Quran, emphasizedit with seven oaths and said: (He has succeeded who purifies it). Moreover, all the prophets (Peace be upon them) invited the people towards the same thing (The purification of Soul). For example, Moses told Pharaoh: (Would you (be willing to) purify yourself?). Allah said in the Holy Quran, regarding the Holy Prophet (Peace be upon Him): (2(It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book and wisdom although they were before in clear error). The purification of Soul (Tazkia) is the source of high degrees and perpetual blessings. The Holy Quran clarifies: But whoever comes to Him as a believer having done righteous deeds, for those will be the highest degrees. Gardens of perpetual residence beneath which river flow, wherein they abide eternally, and that is the reward of one who purifies himself.) The Holy Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) also would pray: (O my God: give my soul righteousness and purify it, because You are the best one who can purify it, You are its Protector and Lord.
A Study of Inter-Relationship Among Teaching Strategies, Learning Styles and Students Academic Achievement at Secondary School Level. The purpose of this study was to investigate inter-relationship among teaching strategies, learning styles and
student’s academic achievements at secondary level. Study was co relational and descriptive in nature. Three
teaching methods i.e. lecture teaching method, problem solving teaching method and discussion teaching
methods were took into account.
It was aimed to find out relationship between teaching strategies and learning styles and to investigate
relationship between teaching strategies and student academic achievement at secondary level. VAK learning
style model was used. Independent t-test, sample t-test and ANOVA were applied to analyze data. All teachers
and students from public and private schools in district Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were selected as
population of the study. 100 teachers and 400 students were selected as sample of the study from 10 public
sector and 10 private sector schools. Research indicated that 70% teachers favored lecture method as the
most frequently used method. Discussion method was the most effective teaching method at secondary school
level. Auditory learning style was the most preferred learning style of students at secondary school level.
This study declared that there was significant relationship between different teaching strategies and students
academic achievements. Research also showed significant relationship between different learning styles and
students academic achievements. Teachers of public sector and private sectors schools have same opinions
about most common method. However there is significant difference between public sector schools teacher
and private sector schools regarding most effective method. Teachers of public sector schools considered
discussion teaching strategy as most effective while private sector school teachers considered problem
solving teaching strategy as most effective.
It was found that student who gave more time to study at home achieved better result than other student. It
was also concluded that teaching strategies and learning styles have insignificant relationship because there
was mismatch of teaching styles and learning styles of students.