Terrorism and its Elimination an Islamic Perspective

Islām is a religion of peace and it gives great importance to peace. Islamic teachings and laws are meant to create and maintain peace in the human society. But, unfortunately, Islām has been targeted as a source of terrorism, today. In this article, the author tries to defend Islām and differentiate between Jihād and terrorism. The word terrorism needs to be seen in its historical perspective. Different definitions of terrorism have been presented, but still it is an ambiguous term. In this paper, the author tries to define terrorism in the Islamic perspective. This paper discusses the points given below: m The concept of terrorism, its manifestations and types. M Encountering and prevention of terrorism from Islamic perspective. M Islām and the global brotherhood. M The punishment of terrorism. M The religious viewpoint against a cruel government. M The peaceful struggle against cruelty and injustice. Also, the difference between terrorism and jihad has been clarified. The rules and regulations of Jihād make it clear that it has nothing to do with terrorism, which is an unruly activity. A Muslim is supposed to be a peaceful citizen, who can never indulge in any act of terrorism. The rebellion against the rulers has also been discussed to draw the conclusion that it is not allowed except against the blatant kufr. The objectives of the Islamic punishments indicate the Islamic approach to minimize terrorism in the human society.

Phytochemical Investigation and Pharmacological Assessment of Taverniera Nummularia and Ifloga Spicata.

The present studies were performed to investigate the phytochemical composition and pharmacological potential of different solvent fractions (methanolic, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water) of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata. The different solvent fractions were tested for various types of phytochemicals, antimicrobial assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and detoxification effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on blood lymphocytes of humans under induced stress of H2O2. Methanolic extract of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher antibacterial potential against S. aureus. The ethyl acetate, n-hexane and chloroform significantly showed higher antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The different fractions for antibacterial activity used against E. coli were methanolic ethyl acetate, aqueous, n-hexane and chloroform. Maximum activity against fungi was exhibited by chloroform fraction against Aspergillus niger (64%), Aspergillus flavus (62.02%) and Aspergillus fumigates (59.25%). The n-hexane, aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate showed higher antioxidant activity were higher for n-hexane, aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate as a compare to other fractions. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities of the human blood lymphocytes were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly improved by the various leaf fractions of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata at 50µg/ml under H2O2 stress methanol and aqueous fractions being the most effective ones. The increase in antioxidant enzymes activities showed significant decrease in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) content.The in vivo antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Taverniera nummularia (T. nummularia) and Iflago spicata (I. spicata) was investigated in mice. Treatment with alloxan significantly. The alloxan treated mice exhibited a significant increase in blood glucose level, total bilirubin, ALT, ALP, urea,creatinine,total proteins, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol content as compared with control group (p<0.05). Treatment with methanolic leaf extract of Taverniera nummularia and Ifloga spicata significantly decreased blood glucose level and resulted in a better body weight under hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, increases in the content of bilirubin, ALT, ALP, urea,Craetinine,total proteins, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol due to hyperglycemia was normalized by treatment with methanolic extract of both the plant species. Further column chromatography to find the basic ingredients responsible for this potential will be very useful and interesting. This can result in diversity in natural product and pharmaceutical chemistry.