31. Luqman/Luqman, the Wise
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
31:01
a. Alif. Lam. Mim.
31:02
a. These are the Messages of the Book - The Divine Qur’an – full of Wisdom.
31:03
a. It is a source of Guidance and a Mercy for those who seek excellence in virtue.
31:04
a. Those who
- establish the Salat/Prayer, and
- pay out the Zakat/annual charity, and
- believe with certainty in the realm of the Hereafter.
31:05
a. It is they who are upon Guidance from their Rabb -The Lord, and
b. it is also they who are going to be the successful in the Hereafter.
31:06
a. And from among the people, there are some who engage in diverting talk over Allah’s Message
- misleading others from the Path of Allah without knowledge, and
- taking it in mockery as well.
b. Those - for them will be a humiliating punishment.
31:07
a. And whenever OUR Messages from The Qur’an are recited to such a person,
b. he turns away arrogantly, as if he had not heard them – almost as if there was deafness in his ears.
c. So give him the good news of a painful punishment.
31:08
a. As for those
- believe, and
- practice righteousness,
b. for them will be Gardens of Delight in Paradise -
31:09
a. living therein forever: never to leave, never to die.
b. This is Allah’s true Promise,
c. for HE is The Almighty, The Wise.
This study aims to prove that the Parenthetical Sentences in the Quran are not a way to improve the beauty of literature, but if they appeared in a convenient location they became the requirements of the text. The main findings of this study include the parenthetical sentences in the Holy Quran characterized by specific semantics which is known by the context of Ayat and not only because of assertion, embellishment or clarification. These sentences would inspire the attention from the reciter of Quran to think of the underlying meaning. The parenthetical sentences in Quran cannot be nullified as this will divert the true meaning of Ayat e Kareemas.
Hydroxy terminated polyepichlorohydrins (PECH) of different molecular weights were synthesized using a novel catalyst and co-catalyst combinations. Different polymerization conditions like temperature, time and monomer addition rates exhibited pronounced effect on the molecular weight, polydispersity and functionality of the products. After optimization of the conditions, polyepichlorohydrins of three different molecular weights i.e., 1045, 2497 and 3521 daltons were selected for the preparation of their polyurethane elastomers (PUE). The DSC studies of the polyol displayed linear increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) with the increase in its molecular weight (-35.6 to -28.3 oC). In second part of the present study two series of polyurethane elastomers were prepared by prepolymer method from polyepichlorohydrins (polyols) of three different molecular weights, aromatic (TDI) and cycloaliphatic (IPDI) diisocyanates and three chain extenders (1,4-butadiol, 1,6-hexanediol and cyclohexanedimethanol). The structural elucidation of PECH and its elastomers was carried out by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The change in molecular weight (polyol), type of diisocyanate, nature of chain extender and amount of chain extenders engendered significant effect on the surface morphology and thermo-mechanical properties of the resulting PUEs. Aromatic diisocyanate based elastomer (P25TDIDM10) exhibited optimum UTS (8.11 MPa) and elongation at break (511.7%) whereas cycloaliphatic diisocyanate elastomer (P10IPDIDM10) showed 8.58 MPa UTS and elongation at break (511.7%). All the polyurethane elastomers were stable up to 200 °C and were degraded without melting to constant mass above 450 °C. Tg of TDI based PUE was increased to -16 oC while in IPDI series it was further shifted to 7.98 oC. In the third part of this research work, selective polyurethane elastomer P10IPDIDM10 was used, due to its superior properties, as a matrix for the synthesis of polymer based composites. Graphite, aluminium flakes and aluminium powder were used in different proportions (5-15%) as fillers in the polymer matrix composites. Incorporation of fillers enhanced the UTS with corresponding decrease in elongation at break, whereas in case of graphite, electrical properties of the composite were also improved. The present study revealed that the synthesized PUEs and composites were found promising candidates for various advanced applications.