مرزا داغ کے نعتیہ اسلوب کے اقبال پر اثرات Impacts Of Mirza Dagh’s Nautiya Style On Iqbal’s Poetry

The linguist poet of the ambassador of Dehli literary society, Nwab Mirza Khan Dagh does not need any preamble. Iqbal accepted some artistic impacts of Mirza Dagh.He is a romantic poet but he was also effected by revolution of 1857.He narrated the cultural defeat in his poetry. We also can find the cultural defeat in Iqbal’s poetry as well. Iqbal paid tribute to Mirza Dagh at his death with deep grief and in an impressive way. As an artist, the use of developed language precision continuity and idiomatic phrases is Dagh’s distinctive style, the same style of Mirza Dagh is also available in his Nautiya poetry. Although it is not recognition of Dagh but his style is striking researchable. We can also come across the technical effects of his Nautiya style in Iqbal’s poetry. Iqbal has also saluted to his artistic climax. In this article the effort has been accomplished to explain Mirza Dagh’s impacts on Iqbal Keywords: Allama Iqbal, Mirza Dagh, Na‘at, poetry Praise of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Development of English Curriculum Model at Higher Secondary Level in Pakistan

In the present study the existing curriculum development process is explored by obtaining the opinion of English language teachers, teaching English at higher secondary level in Punjab, Pakistan, and the members of English curriculum committee at higher secondary level in Pakistan to propose a Learner-Teacher-Socio Oriented English Curriculum Development Model at Higher Secondary Level. Two questionnaires were adapted from Akhtar (2004) for the present study. One questionnaire was developed for English teachers of higher secondary government schools and colleges in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The other questionnaire was developed for the members of the English curriculum committee. Analysis of existing English curriculum development process was done through the policy documents and questionnaires. Higher secondary government schools and colleges of each sex were selected through stratified cluster sampling, after that 1379 English teachers of higher secondary government schools and colleges were considered as sample of the study. The sample was selected from the 23 out of 36 districts of Punjab. Furthermore, Punjab was divided into three regions upper, central and southern Punjab. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated. t-test was applied to find out the differences of opinion on the basis of gender and residential areas. ANOVA was applied to uncover the differences of opinion among the teachers of various districts of upper, central and southern Punjab. Reliability of the questionnaire for higher secondary English teachers was 0.91. Validity of the questionnaire for higher secondary English teachers was 95%. The other questionnaire was developed for the members of national curriculum committee. Eleven members were considered as sample of the study. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated. Comparison between the opinion of teachers and the members of curriculum committee on the basis of responses of the same as well as contrastive questions of the questionnaires were drawn through graphical representation. Reliability of the questionnaire for higher secondary English teachers was 0.81. Validity of the questionnaire for higher secondary English teachers was 94%. On the basis of findings the proposed model Learner-Teacher-Socio Oriented English Curriculum Development Model at Higher Secondary Level was sent to experts for validation. The model was finalized after the recommendations offered by the experts.