پروفیسر حافظ محمود خان شیرانی مرحوم
ہم کو ابھی تک اپنے ملک کے علماء اور محققین کی پوری قدر نہیں ہوئی، کیسے افسوس کی بات ہے کہ ہماری قوم اور ملک کے ایک نامور محقق پروفیسر حافظ محمود خان شیرانی کا انتقال ۱۶؍ فروری ۱۹۴۶ء کو ٹونک میں ہوگیا، اور ہم میں سے بہتوں کو اس کی خبر نہیں ہوئی۔
شیرانی مرحوم کا وطن ٹونک تھا، شیرانی پٹھان تھے، اور ان کو اپنے پٹھان ہونے پر فخر تھا، ٹونک ہمیشہ سے علماء اور محققین کا مقام رہا، وہاں کا نادر کتب خانہ اکثر محققوں کو اپنی طرف کھینچ کر لے جایا کرتا ہے، اور شیرانی کا تو وہ وطن ہی تھا، شیرانی صاحب کی انگریزی کی استعداد پوری تھی، فارسی کی تعلیم متوسط اور عربی کی معمولی مگر ان میں تحقیق و تلاش کا مادہ فطرۃً تھا، تاریخ اور خصوصاً تاریخ ادب سے ان کو بے حد شغف تھا، تاریخ کے ذوق سے ان کو کتبوں اور سکون کا شوق تھا، اسی شوق سے وہ لکھنؤ بھی آتے تھے، اور چونکہ ہمارے مدرسہ دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کے درس اول و شیخ الحدیث مولانا حیدر حسن خان صاحب مرحوم بھی ٹونکی تھے، اس تعلق سے وہ کبھی کبھی ہمارے مدرسہ میں بھی ٹھہرتے تھے اور اسی واسطہ سے میری ان کی ملاقات ہوئی، اور اس کے بعد جب وہ لاہور تھے، تو کئی بار ملنا ہوا۔
مرحوم کا سال پیدایش ۱۲۹۸ھ ہے، عمر قریباً سرسٹھ برس تھی ۱۹۰۴ء میں اسکول کی تعلیم چھوڑ کر بیرسٹری کے لیے لندن گئے، جہاں سے والد کی وفات پر ۱۹۰۶ء میں واپس آئے، پھر فوراً واپس گئے، اور ۱۹۱۴ء میں واپس آئے، بیرسٹرتو نہیں ہوئے، مگر قلمی کتابوں کا شوق پید اہوگیا، پیرس کے قومی کتب خانہ میں تین ماہ مصروف رہے، اور وہیں بعض فرانسیسی اہل علم کے ساتھ مل کر...
The main purpose of the study was to explore educators' views on children's the early years' curriculum and pedagogy implemented in Pakistan. This research study is grounded in qualitative design i.e. Case study. The case included examining educators, the early years' and school managers' critical reflections on children's learning and development during the early years' education. This research study is first of its kind in the context of Pakistan as the early years teachers' views about their teaching practices have rarely incorporated in recent studies. The main finding of this study was that curriculum and pedagogies used in early years' program has never been concentrated earlier as potential research themes. Though many research studies have been conducted on the implementation of ECE programs, but not any specific study concentrated on matching curriculum goals with its implementation to facilitate children's holistic development. It was learnt that national curriculum framework 2007 is not followed in most ECE classes. The main reason was found that many practitioners i.e. Educators and managers have not seen or read it. Consequently, national philosophy is compromised while nurturing children holistically It is therefore recommended for teachers and educators to study the national and now provincial curriculum framework because it has set a benchmark as what to achieve and suggested how to achieve the goals.
Introduction: Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are important coagulation screening tests that give an insight into how well the extrinsic and intrinsic arms of the coagulation cascade are performing. For correct interpretation of laboratory results and avoidance of errors and misdiagnosis, population specific RIs are most appropriate. In a healthcare setting, it is up to the laboratory to establish RIs for use for the particular analytes that they run, or at least verify the RIs availed by the manufacturer of the reagents for a particular analyte. Objectives: This study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for both PT and APTT at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUH-N) laboratory using black African blood donors. In doing so the study also looked into factors that might lead to differences in the intervals; gender, age and blood group Methods: As per clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines, at least 120 male and 120 female black African donors were recruited, and samples collected for PT and APTT, after informed consent. Data on age, gender, blood group, PT and APTT results were entered into Microsoft Excel® spread sheet for analysis. Data Analysis: Analysis of the data was performed using SPSS® and reference value advisor v2.1. CLSI guidelines for determining reference intervals were used. RIs derived from the study were compared to the RIs provided by the manufacturer of the platform using the reference change value (RCV). Mann–Whitney U test was performed to determine differences between groups. Pearson’s correlation was run to see if there was any correlation between PT/APTT and age. Results: A total of 258 study participants were enlisted. The PT reference intervals were 10.50–13.30 seconds while the APTT reference intervals were 24.13-35.10. Based on reference change value (RCV), both were significantly higher than manufacturer provided intervals. There was a statistically significant lower PT and APTT in females as compared to males (U=3971 p<0.0005; U=5924.5 p 0.004), while blood group O participants had a significantly higher APTT compared to non-O participants (U=5613 p 0.004). Our study also found a weak negative correlation of PT with age (Pearson coefficient -0.127, p 0.049). Conclusion: We report a reference interval for PT and APTT for black African adults that is significantly different from the manufacturer provided RIs and recommend adoption of the same by our laboratory. We further recommend stratification of RIs according to gender due to the significant difference in