ایک ہوں مسلم حرم کی پاسبانی کے لیے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع مل رہا ہے وہ ہے’:’ایک ہوںمسلم حرم کی پاسبانی کے لیے ‘‘
محترم صدر!
اتحاد جس شکل میں موجود ہو قابل تحسین تصور کیا جا تا ہے جوقوم ملی اتحاد کی دولت سے مالامال ہوتی ہے وہ ہر لحاظ سے خوش و خرم ہوتی ہے اس کی فضاؤں میں آلودگی نہیں ہوتی اس کے کھلیانوں میں خس و خاشاک نہیں ہوتے۔ اس کے میز گردجہالت سے خالی ہوتے ہیں اس کے افراد کی عروق مردہ نہیں ہوتیں۔ اس کے میدان ویران نہیں ہوتے۔ اس کے ہسپتال آباد نہیں ہوتے۔
محترم صدر!
اتحاد جس قوم میں بھی ہو وہ دیگر اقوام میں ممتاز ہوتی ہے۔ اس کے وجود میں حسن اور نکھار پیدا ہو جاتا ہے چند اینٹیں متحد ہو جائیں تو ایک مکان تعمیر کر دیتی ہیں ایک عمارت بنادیتی ہیں ایک دیوار کھڑی کر کے بے پردہ گھر کو باپردہ بنادیتی ہیں، چند قطرے اکٹھے ہو جائیں تو ایک بحیرہ اور پھر بحر کی شکل اختیار کر لیتے ہیں۔ ریت کے چند ذرّے اکٹھے اور متحد ہو جائیں تو ریگستان وجود میں آجاتا ہے۔
صدرِذی وقار!
اسلام میں اتحادملی پر بہت زور دیا گیا ہے۔ حدیث نبویؐ ہے مسلمان مسلمان کا بھائی ہے، مسلمان مسلمان کوکبھی گالی نہیں دیتا، مسلمان مسلمان کو کبھی بُر ابھلا نہیں کہتا، اسلام کے زیور سے مرصعّ شخص معاشرے کے ماتھے کا جھومر ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے انداز نشست و برخاست معیاری ہوتے ہیں، اس کی گفتگو میں حسن ہوتا ہے۔ جواتحادملی کے جذبے سے سرشار ہوتا ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
دنیائے رنگ و بو کے...
The success of federalism in multiethnic societies greatly depends on fiscal decentralization. It empowers the provincial governments along with the local bodies at the grass root level. In this perspective fiscal decentralization needs structural arrangements in order to ensure revenue generation and appropriate expenditures. It helps to strengthen the national grid to avoid inter-provincial or intra-provincial discrepancies. This study illustrates the relationship between fiscal devolution and symmetrical horizontal economic development. It envisages the devolution plan (2001) introduced by former General Pervez Mushraff in Pakistan under which the Provincial Finance Commissions were established. This research would focus on Punjab as a case study to analyze the working of Provincial Finance Commission. This research tends to address the questions like what have been the patterns of fiscal decentralization in Pakistan? Did National Finance Commission and Provincial Finance Commission promote the principles of equitable devolution of resources in the divisible pool on the basis of need assessment? Could PFC be able to mitigate the intra-provincial disparities in Punjab? Did PFC take efficiency advantage in Punjab through the empowerment of local governments? This study would encompass the analysis of the resource allocation formula opted by the successive governments in the past till present and the counter arguments by the academia and the local body members. Qualitative and quantitative both methods would be used while incorporating primary as well secondary sources. This research concludes with the proposition that empowered local bodies and effective finance commission are the sine qua non of fiscal decentralization in democratic state like Pakistan.
The struggle to develop an ideal model for teaching English language has been going on for so many years. English language is the second language in many countries including developing countries like Pakistan. In Pakistan English language has emerged as a powerful medium for communication and learning this language has become the need of the hour for a successful career and life. The students of the developing countries encounter many problems while speaking in English language and the major among those problems is the spoken English language anxiety which hinders the progress of the freshly graduates from getting good jobs.The main aim of the study was to explore confidence of students studying in the Pakistani context in their spoken English skill, with a focus on developing a model of active learning using interactive activities for language usage. It is based on the premise that social interaction is necessary for the cognitive development of mind, as emphasized by Vygotsky (Verenikina, 2010). This research is a mixed method study which was conducted in a private sector university of Lahore city in Pakistan. A quasi experiment Pre-test, post test design was conducted on an intact group of sixty students taken from the first semester. The intervention was based on interactive activities that lasted for two semesters or 32 weeks. The data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The quantitative data was gathered through two standardized research tools i.e. a closed ended questionnaire and the spoken English assessment scale. The foreign language classroom anxiety scale developed by Elaine Horwitz (1986) and the adapted version of Conversational skills rating scale by Spitzberg (2007) were utilized for the present study. The qualitative data consisted of the researcher’s observations recorded during the intervention. Results of the study Effect of Confidence Enhancement Techniques on Spoken English showed that the students’ confidence level improved when they were exposed to interactive activities. The students of the control group showed no significant improvement as they had been taught by the routine methodology. Thus it is proposed that such interactive activities handled by trained instructors should be utilized in the classrooms, which can lead to the development of more confident English language speakers.