احمد میاں اختر جونا گڑھی
ہندوستان اور پاکستان کی علمی دنیا کا یہ بڑا افسوس ناک سانحہ ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ مشہورصاحب علم و قلم قاضی احمد میاں اختر جونا گڑھی نے کراچی میں انتقال کیا، وہ اسلامی علوم کے ممتاز فاضل تھے، خصوصاً اسلامی تاریخ پر ان کی نظر نہایت وسیع تھی اور ان کا علمی و تحقیقی مذاق بہت بلند تھا، عربی، انگریزی اور اردو تینوں زبانوں میں یکساں دستگاہ حاصل تھی اور تینوں میں مضامین لکھتے تھے، ان کے مضامین ہندوستان و پاکستان کے تمام سنجیدہ علمی رسالوں میں نکلتے تھے، معارف کے پرانے مضمون نگارتھے، ان کے انگریزی مضامین کا ایک مجموعہ شیخ محمد اشرف تاجر کتب لاہور نے شائع کیا ہے، اقبال پر ان کی ایک کتاب حال ہی میں چھپی ہے، دارالمصنفین سے بھی ان کی ایک کتاب ابن صاعد اندلسی کی طبقات الامم کا ترجمہ عرصہ ہوا شائع ہوچکی ہے، اگر ان کے مضامین جمع کیئے جائیں تو کئی جلدوں میں آئیں گے۔
مرحوم ریاست جونا گڑھ کے جاگیردار تھے، وہاں کے انقلاب میں لٹ لٹاکر بڑی مصیبتوں سے کراچی پہنچے، کچھ دنوں تک انجمن ترقی اردو سے وابستہ رہے، اس کے بعد سندھ یونیورسٹی میں شعبہ اسلامیات کے صدر ہوگئے تھے، طبعاً نہایت شریف، متواضع اور خاکسار تھے، دارالمصنفین سے ان کا تعلق بڑا پرانا اور مخلصانہ تھا ابھی انھوں نے پاکستان میں دارالمصنفین کی کتابوں کے لئے لائسنس دلانے میں بڑی مدد کی تھی، اب اس زمانہ میں ایسے صاحب کمال کی جگہ کابھرنا مشکل ہے اﷲ تعالیٰ اس شیدائے علم کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے، انتقال کے وقت ۶۰ سال سے اوپر کی عمر رہی ہوگی۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۵۵ء)
The determinants of child marriage are triggered by complex social, economic, cultural, political and legal disparities. This research method used a cross sectional study. The research sample was 192 women who were married in 2018-2019 in the Campalagian District. This study aims to determine the effect of the age of marriage on the health of ibn and infants in the District of Campalagian. Chi-square test was used to analyze data. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the age of marriage had an effect on the health of the newborn (p value = 0.003). However, the age of marriage on maternal health during pregnancy, maternal health at delivery, use of contraceptive methods, service standards for birth weight, and support from husbands do not have a significant effect. After conducting bivariate analysis using moderator variables, the results showed that. There is an effect of the age of marriage based on the age of the husband (p value = 0.017) and the husband's education (p value = 0.024) on maternal health at delivery. There is an effect of the age at marriage based on the husband's age (p value = 0.023), the wife's education (p = 0.008), and the husband's education (p = 0.009), on the health of the newborn. It can be concluded that the age of marriage has an effect on the health of the mother and baby and/or if it includes the age and education factors of both the respondent and the partner.
Nanoparticles have been known for their unique properties and are being utilized in various disciplines of sciences. Nanoparticles due to their smaller size enable them to higher exposure and higher availability through gastrointestinal tract when administered orally. In this research four metallic oxides nanoparticles (iron, zinc, silver and copper) along with three biological nanoparticles (turmeric, garlic and cinnamon) were synthesized. Various characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate these synthesized nanoparticles. Among the synthesized metallic nanoparticles the mean diameter of zinc oxide nanoparticles was around 47 nm, the mean diameter of iron oxide nanoparticles was around 54 nm, the diameter of silver oxide nanoparticles ranged between 40-70 nm and the diameter of copper nanoparticles ranged between 30-50 nm. Moreover, mean diameter of synthesized garlic and turmeric nanoparticles were 62 and 46 nm respectively. However, cinnamon particles turned out to be in micro ranges. To evaluate potential of these synthesized nanoparticle in Gout treatment mice were used as model organism. For this experiment mice were induced with gout by injecting them with MSU crystals. These synthesized nanoparticles were administered orally to mice in various concentrations of 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 20 ppm. Biochemical tests such as RFTs, LFTs, lipid profile and blood count were performed to evaluate the effect of these nanoparticles at various concentration on gout. From renal function tests it was observed that these nanoparticles had decreased the uric acid levels in mice thus treating gout. From these biochemical test it was observed that nanoparticles were effective in reducing serum uric acid levels among which 5 ppm AgO NPs (1.80 ± 0.3098), 5 ppm zinc (2.00 ±0.8944), 5 ppm turmeric NPs (1.550 ± 0.1517) and 20 ppm garlic NPs (1.750 ± 0.1378) showed the most significant (P<0.01) results in reducing serum uric acid in comparison to allopurinol (2.11 ± 0.3710). Furthermore, at lower concentrations nanoparticles did not cause any significant toxicity. From this research it was concluded that the synthesized zinc, turmeric, garlic and cinnamon nanoparticles have potential in treating gout. Renal function test of these groups revealed that the uric acid levels were considerably decreased as well as the swelling of ankles also decreased. Moreover, the mice which were locally administered with 5 ppm of Turmeric-oil NPs had astonishing effect in decreasing the swelling of mice ankles. Repeated oral administration of various nanoparticles at lower concentration can result in the reduction of serum uric acid levels in mice.