ANALISIS NILAI-NILAI TOLERANSI DALAM BUKU “SENANG BELAJAR AGAMA ISLAM DAN BUDI PEKERTI” DI KELAS IV DAN V SD DI KAB. KARANGANYAR “SENANG BELAJAR AGAMA ISLAM DAN BUDI PEKERTI” DI KELAS IV DAN V SD DI KAB. KARANGANYAR

Oleh Rizky Martha Oktavia Prodi Pendidikan Agama Islam, Pascasarjana, IAIN Surakarta rizkymarthaoktavia@gmail. Com   Abstrak Kesuksesan pendidikan toleransi melalui pendidikan agama Islam dapat ditopang oleh komponen bahan ajar, misalnya buku “Senang Belajar Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti” bagi Siswa Kelas IV dan V SD di Kab. Karanganyar. Permasalahannya, bagaimana analisis nilai-nilai toleransi dalam buku tersebut? Tujuan penelitian, yaitu menganalisis nilai-nilai toleransi dalam buku “Senang Belajar Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti” bagi Siswa Kelas IV dan V SD di Kab. Karanganyar. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian pustaka, data penelitian berupa nilai-nilai toleransi diperoleh dari sumber data buku dikumpulkan dengan studi dokumentasi. Keabsahannya diperiksa dengan teknik (1) triangulasi, (2) pengecekan anggota, (3) meningkatkan ketekunan, dan (4) kecukupan bahan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis isi ditemukan nilai-nilai toleransi, yakni 31 nilai toleransi, misalnya (1) tidak menertawakan cara beribadah umat beragama lain, (2) tidak membicarakan kekurangan agama umat beragama lain, (3) tidak mencela aturan beribadah umat beragama lain. Saran kepada penulis buku Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) SD, yakni perlu penyebaran nilai toleransi pada setiap bab; guru PAI dan siswa kelas IV dan V SD perlu membaca, bahkan menelusuri nilai toleransi agar dapat diajarkan berkelanjutan; siswa kelas IV dan V SD perlu membaca dan menerapkan nilai toleransi dalam buku dengan berkonsultasi pada orang tua dan guru yang membinanya; kepala SD dapat menjadikan sebaran nilai-nilai toleransi sebagai panduan untuk memilih, menentukan, dan merancang kegiataan sosial kemasyarakatan di sekolah untuk melatih kepekaan siswa menjadi generasi yang toleran. Kata-kata Kunci: nilai toleransi, budi pekerti, pendidikan                               agama Islam

Black Hole Attacksprevention Through Mac Based Aodv Protocol in Constraint Oriented Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of sensor nodes with data collecting, processing and communication capabilities. Its primary objectives are how to exchange information securely to achieve authenticity, integrity and availability of data in an efficient manner. These networks are easily compromised by different attacks, i.e. Jamming attacks, Denial of service attacks (DoS), Sybil attacks, tampering attacks, and Black hole attacks. Black hole attacks are one of the most lured attacks that are used to highjack the security, functionality and performance of the WSNs. Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) and Enhanced ad hoc on demand distance vector (E-AODV) protocols were proposed to resolve this issue. However, a tightly coupled issue associated with these approaches is their inconsistency to block an intruder node, i.e. every node doesn?t know anything about an intruder node until this information is shared by the concerned destination node. Moreover, communication process with the concerned destination node is an energy harvesting and time consuming process. Therefore, an energy efficient and secure routing protocol is needed to resolve the aforementioned issue i.e., black hole attack. In this research, a secure and lightweight routing protocol is proposed to prevent black hole attacks in constraint oriented networks i.e. WSNs, IoT and ad hoc networks. The proposed scheme is a hybrid of media access control (MAC) and Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) protocols. Initially, every node is registered with nearest gateway/Cluster Head module through the MAC addressing scheme and only registered nodes are allowed to communicate. Registration process is useful in solving black hole attacks in WSNs i.e. due to communication restriction, intruder node(s) cannot interact either with gateway/CH or registered nodes. If somehow an adversary is able to send a message to the controller, it is not entertained or simply neglected by gateway/CH module. Simulation tool OMNeT++ was used to verify the authenticity, performance and security of the proposed scheme against field proven techniques such as AODV and EAODV.The simulation results of the proposed scheme were compared with the said techniques on the basis of key parameters such as latency, packet lost ratio and end to end delay.