’’ارضِ اقبال آ فاقیت کے آ ئینے میں‘‘ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد اسد کے تحقیقی وتنقیدی مضامین کا اولین تخلیقی مجموعہ ہے ۔اسے ابتدائی کاوش کے نقطہء نظر ہی سے دیکھتے ہیں تو ان کی محنت و لگن اور ادبی ذوق و شوق کی داد دینی پڑتی ہے کہ انہوں نے جس تن دہی سے اس کام کو پایۂ تکمیل تک پہنچایا ہے اسے مدنظر رکھتے ہوئے یہ بات پورے وثوق سے کہی جاسکتی ہے کہ خوب سے خوب کرنے کی جستجو ان کی فطرتِ ثانیہ ہے۔
اس کام کے حوالے سے ایک بات خاص طور پر یہ محسوس ہوئی کہ ان میں سیکھنے کا رویّہ قابل رشک حد تک پایا جاتا ہے اور وہ اپنے آ پ کو بہت کچھ سمجھنے کے خبط سے پاک ہیں اوریہ صرف ادب ہی سے خاص نہیں بلکہ زندگی کا کوئی بھی شعبہ ہو ترقی کی بنیاد یہی رویہ ہے۔چنانچہ جس انداز سے وہ سفر شوق طے کر رہے ہیں امید ہے کہ ایک دن یہ نام ادبی حوالہ ہو گا۔
ان کے مقالات میں تنقیدی اور تقابلی مطالعہ اپنے تہذیبی و ثقافتی پس منظر سے اُبھرتا ہےاور وہ افراد اور رویّوں ہر دو میں اشتراکات اور اختلافات اور مستقبل کے امکانات کو اپنی روایت میں شناخت کرتے اور قدر کا تعیّن کرتے ہیں۔
ڈاکٹر سید عامر سہیل
چئیر مین شعبہ اردو ، اسلامیہ یونیورسٹی، بہاولپور
Sabab al-Nuzūl (cause of revelation) in Qur'anic studies means the time, context, cause, and the situation in which Allah has revealed verses. There is no doubt that cause of revelation has an important role in the interpretation of Qur'an. There are many types of Tafsir in dealing with Asbab-e-Nazool. Many Muslim scholars consider the studying of Asbab-e-Nuzul and their related discussions as necessary. Some exegetes have written books studying the subject. The earliest and the most important work in this genre is undoubtedly Kitab asbab alNuzul ("Book of occasions of revelation") of Ali ibn Ahmad alWahidi (d. 1075 CE). Another important work is by alSuyuti (d. 1505 CE) which is a slight improvement of alWahidi's book. In this paper Descriptive Method and Comparative Study are used to analysis Traditions of Revelation and their effects on Tafseer literature. This paper proves the value of the causes of revelation in Quranic Interptation and describe the different approaches towards Asbab-e-Nazool in Tafseer Literature, and verification and authencity of traditions in the books of Tafsir Bilary.
Rare earth-based materials with pyrochlore structure have shown a potential for practical applications due to their stable crystal structure with tunable lattice parameters. Pyrochlore structure-based compounds have shown valuable interest in practical applications because of their structure tunability and stability. In this context, the stability of pyrochlore structure in a particular phase is quite essential for practical optimization of valuable dielectric, impedance and other multifunctional characteristics of rare-earth pyrochlores. This work contains a successful synthesis of pure phase pyrochlore based compounds including zirconates and niobates, with A and B-site substitution to determine their structural tunability and its effects on dielectric and other multifunctional properties. These rare-earth based pyrochlores not only show practically viable dielectric characteristics but also have significant ferroelectric and magnetic features. Most of the pyrochlores show disordered magnetic structure and have not been investigated properly yet. In this context, following detailed study of these thermally stable pyrochlores has been accomplished for their practical applications. A wet chemical sol-gel technique was utilized to synthesize pure phase pyrochlores. This method was found feasible, energy efficient and cost effective. Diffraction studies using X-rays revealed their stable pyrochlore structure with Fd ̅m space group. Structural tunability through A and B-site substitution was confirmed through Rietveld refinement. Perfect fitting and low residual factors from refinement prove the synthesis of pure phase pyrochlores. Calcination temperature of 1200 °C for 1 h was found to be the most favorable condition for the synthesis of these highly complex metal oxides. Field emission scanning electron microscopy operated in different operating modes at several voltages has confirmed the growth of nanoparticles with substitution, promoting the densification of the prepared ceramics. This densification led us to study the energy storage capability of these materials as they have already shown good ferroelectric properties. To check the variation in recoverable energy density of the material under consideration, the charge-discharge curves were plotted at different field strengths to study the recoverable energy density, energy loss density and energy storage efficiency as a function of applied field. Furthermore, magnetic properties of these pyrochlores were determined through vibrating sample magnetometer. Superparamagnetic effect was found in these pyrochlores with reasonably good magnetic susceptibility and small coercive fields. In addition, the variation in magnetic properties was also related to the particle size which showed that the maximum magnetization increases with decrease in particle size. Lastly, the magneto-dielectric study has been performed. The study of relative change in dielectric properties of the material with change in external magnetic field is called magneto-dielectric analysis. This analysis is actually the investigation of coupling between the magnetic properties of the material with its dielectric characteristics. Magneto-dielectric analysis exposed that dielectric behavior of the samples is influenced inversely with the application of external magnetic field. Negative behavior of magneto-dielectric coefficient can be understood on the basis of application of external magnetic field randomizes the electric dipoles present in the material which usually follow the external applied electric field. This study was also explained on the basis of Maxwell-Wagner‟s model.