فضائی آلودگی کا تدارک اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں

Allah Almighty has created abundance of natural resources(air, water, plants, animals) for the benefit of man. Air is considered one of the basic necessity for life on Earth.  Air pollution is a major and serious problem of the contemporary world. Rapidly spreading large crowded cities, modern transport, installation of industries and thermal power stations  are the main causes of air pollution. A large number of Industries, power-generating stations, construction projects, brick Kilns and  toxic solid wastes are polluting the atmosphere badly. The transport like buses, trucks, auto rickshaws, airplanes and internal combustion engines are main sources of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and lead pollution in the air. The toxic gases, smog and smoke of industries are affecting humane, animal and plant life rapidly. Treatment devices are not installed in industries and brick kilns  to remove harmful gases before releasing smoke into the atmosphere. This research work explores that Air pollution is the core issue of the entire world, which requires immediate action for removal of  pollution from the air. Test results of air quality indicate that major part of Pakistani population is living at the risk of air pollution. Islam clearly commands each individual to avoid negative and destructive actions. This Study explores that Air pollution can be abated and minimized by adopting Islamic precautionary measures about air cleanliness.

Biochemical Attributes of Essential Oils from Selected Medicinal Herbs Grown in Different Agroclimatic Regions of Pakistan

Essential oils are plant‘s secondary metabolites that are known for their fragrance and food flavour properties.These odoriferous oils offer a promising potential for multiple applications such as in the fields of agriculture, food, cosmetics, medicine, pharmaceutical industry and aromatherapy. Chemistry and biological attributes of essential oils are deemed to be varied not only among different varieties of the same plant speciesnevertheless different agro-climatic conditions also affect the biochemical composition of the oils due to morphological diversity of the plants.In the present dissertation, selected medicinal herbs such as Mentha spicata, Menthapiperitta, O.basilicum Lamiaceae] andC.citratus[Poaceae], harvested from different geographicalzones of Punjab, Pakistan, were evaluated for yield, physicochemical and biological potential of their oils which were produced by two different methods including hdrodistillation (HD) and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE). Gas chromatography attached with flame ionization detector (FID) and Gas chromatography fitted with mass spectrometry (MS)analyses of chemical costituents of volatile oils showed the presence of different types of oxygenated monoterpene (OM), monoterpene hydrocarbon (MH), sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (SH), oxygenated sesquiterpene (OS) and phenyl propanoid (PP).Depending upon the isolation mode, the tested essential oils exhibited a promising extent of antioxidant and antimicrobial and hemolytic activities, total phenolics and total flavonoids contents.With respect to different harvesting such as drought stressed, hilly, arid and irrigated regions, the tested essential oils revealed considerable differences in yield, chemical composition, TPC, TFC and biological properties that can be linked to varying agro-ecological parameters of the regions under study.Generally, the essential oilsextracted from the drought stressed region leave samples presented superior antimicrobial and hemolytic actions while,samples from hilly regions exhibited a greater range of antioxidant potential and total phenolics and flavonoids. A significant variation noted in the percentage yield,volatiles chemical composition and biological properties/actionscan be related to theirvariable chemical profiling resulted from morphologicaldiversity of the plants.