ڈاکٹر یوسف حسین خاں
افسوس ہے گذشہ مہینہ ڈاکٹر یوسف حسین خاں بھی راہی ملک بقا ہوگئے۔ مرحوم ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین صاحب مرحوم کے برادرخورد تھے اوران کی طرح بڑی خوبیوں اورکمالات کے بزرگ تھے۔جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ سے گریجویٹ ہونے کے بعد فرانس گئے اورپیرس یونیورسٹی سے پی ایچ۔ڈی کی ڈگری حاصل کی۔ان کا اصل مضمون تاریخ اورسیاست تھا اوراسی کے وہ جامعۂ عثمانیہ حیدرآباد میں پروفیسر تھے، لیکن ان کاانگریزی، فرنچ اورفارسی و اردو کے ادب وشعر کا مطالعہ نہایت وسیع اورتنقیدی ذوق اعلیٰ اورپختہ تھاچنانچہ ان کی کتابیں ’اردو غزل‘،’روح ِاقبال و حافظ‘، اردو لٹریچر میں شاہکار کی حیثیت رکھتی ہیں۔
فرانسیسی ادب اورغالب پربھی ان کی کتابیں ہیں۔دوکتابیں ہندوستان کے اسلامی عہد پر انگریزی میں ہیں۔اب آخر میں غالبؔ کے کلام کو انگریزی میں ترجمہ کررہے تھے۔ کرنل بشیر حسین زیدی علی گڑھ کے وائس چانسلر ہوئے تو انھوں نے مرحوم کو پرووائس چانسلر کے عہدہ پرعلی گڑھ بلایا، لیکن ۱۹۶۵ء میں نواب علی یاورجنگ سے نہ بنی تو مستعفی ہوکر دہلی چلے آئے اورنظام الدین اولیا میں ایک فلیٹ کرایہ پرلے کر رہنے لگے۔چند سال شملہ انسٹیٹیوٹ میں بھی فیلو رہے۔ عقائد کے معاملہ میں کٹر مسلمان تھے، طبعاً نہایت شریف،خوش اخلاق اور سنجیدہ وملنسار بزرگ تھے اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے نوازے۔
[مارچ۱۹۷۹ء]
Being a desert, Cholistan has nomadic and semi-nomadic culture with life threatening climatic and geographic conditions. In fact, life in Cholistan revolves around search for water, food and fodder. Health problems are also acute among these desert dwellers. The area is deprived of healthcare services. The existing literature on Cholistan desert contains no scholarship on the ways of dealing with health problems particularly of women. This article is the first of its kind to explore this aspect. Using ethno-methodology, primary data were collected from 50 elderly women through protracted qualitative interviews and participants observation. Thematic analysis technique was used for analyzing the data. The findings of the study reveal that several intertwined factors such as lack of road and transportation facilities, lack of healthcare infrastructure and qualified medical staff, adverse weather conditions, mass illiteracy, ignorance and existence of massive poverty are main factors responsible for poor health of women in the Cholistan. Also, women’s health problems are given little importance because of male dominance and male support and approval is sought by women before getting medical treatment. In addition to this, lack of access and poor awareness about modern healthcare services, make women in Cholistan rely mainly on self-medication and local remedies such as ethnomedication and spiritual healing.
Water-limited conditions in early growth stages negatively affect germination and seedling growth, often leading to suboptimal plant population and poor stand establishment. Germination and seedling growth of ten local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in response to induced water stress conditions and supplemental foliar fertilisation with macronutrients (NPK) were investigated. In two laboratory experiments, the observed germination parameters and calculated stress indices were used as screening criteria for drought tolerance. In one glasshouse experiment, the dose and combinations of N, P, and K for foliar spray were optimised. Germination parameters viz. germination percentage, germination index, promptness index, and germination stress tolerance index declined in response to the increasing polyethylene glycol induced stress levels. Water stress conditions imposed by withholding irrigation at seedling stage reduced plant height stress tolerance index and dry matter stress tolerance index but increased root length stress tolerance index and root to shoot ratio. Based on the results of germination attributes and stress indices, Bhakkar-02 was the most drought tolerant genotype and Shafaq-06 was the most drought sensitive genotype among all tested genotypes. Supplemental foliar fertilisation of macronutrients (N, P, and K), alone or in different combinations improved the water relations, gas exchange characteristics and nutrient contents in both contrasting genotypes, Bhakkar-02 and Shafaq-06. Foliar spray NPK in combination was the most effective treatment in improving plant growth under both well- watered and water-deficit conditions. Subsequently, the best combination of foliar NPK was tested in wire house and field conditions to evaluate the most appropriate growth stage for supplemental fertilisation. In wire house experiment foliar application of NPK spray improved the water relations, gas exchange characteristics (i.e. through accumulation of soluble sugars), total free amino acid, and proline. The antioxidant activity was also improved with foliar NPK spray at anthesis stage. In field experiments foliar application of NPK in combination improved the number of grains per spikelet and 1000-grain weight, which ultimately increased the grain yield at anthesis stage in normally irrigated plants as well as under water stress conditions at anthesis stage in both wheat genotypes. The water shortage at anthesis stage decreased the yield and its components more severely as compared to tillering stage. The drought tolerant Bhakkar- 02 performed well under water stress. So, foliar application of NPK at anthesis stage under water stress conditions gave better results as compared to tillering stage