آغا وفا ابدالی
آغا وفا ابدالی (۱۹۲۹ئ۔۱۹۹۸ئ) کا اصل نام آغا ابو الحیات خان ابدالی تھا۔ آپ پٹنہ (عظیم آباد) کے ایک علمی گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آغا وفا ابدالی نے نواب سراج دین خان سائل دہلوی(جو داغ ؔدہلوی کے داماد تھے) کے آگے زانوئے تلمذ طے کیا۔(۷۶۵) قیام پاکستان سے پہلے آپ کلکتہ سے شائع ہونے والے ہفت روزہ ’’چونچ‘‘ کی مجلسِ ادارت میں شامل تھے۔ آپ ہندوستان میں دہلی کے روزنامہ ’’وحدت‘‘ اور ’’انصاری‘‘ میں بھی فکاہیہ کالم لکھتے رہے۔ قیام پاکستان کے بعد آغا وفا ابدالی نے پسرور میں مستقل سکونت اختیار کی۔ آپ روزنامہ ’’روشنی‘‘،’’کراچی‘‘،روزنامہ ’’انجام‘‘ کراچی ’’نوائے وقت ‘‘،لاہور ،’’کوہستان ‘‘،لاہور اور ’’سفینہ‘‘ لاہور سے بھی منسلک ہوئے اور ان میں کالم لکھتے رہے۔آپ نے پسرور سے شائع ہونے والے ہفت روزہ ’’نوائے پسرور ‘ ‘ کی بھی ادارت سنبھالی ۔(۷۶۶)
’’غبار دل‘‘ آغا وفا کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ہے جس کی پہلی اشاعت ۱۹۹۳ء میں پرفیکٹا پبلشرز لاہورسے ہوئی۔ اس میں قطعات کی تعداد ۲۵۲ ،۳ غزلیں اور ۴ نظمیں شامل ہیں۔ ’’شرار دل‘‘ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ جسے ادبی سبھا پسرور نے ۱۹۹۴ء کو شائع کیا۔ اس میں قطعات کی تعداد ۱۷۲ ،۲ نظمیں اور ۱۲ غزلیں شامل ہیں۔ ’’بہار دل‘‘ آغا وفا کا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ہے جسے ادبی سبھا پسرور نے ۱۹۹۸ء میں شائع کیا۔ اس میں ۳۲ قطعات ،۹ غزلیں اور ۲۷ متفرق اشعار شامل ہیں۔
آغا وفا ابدالی بیسویں صدی کا ایک ایسا شاعر ہے جس کی شاعری پاکستان کی آپ بیتی معلوم ہوتی ہے۔ آغا وفا طنز و مزاح کے ساتھ ساتھ اپنے عہد کی بربادی پر خون کے آنسو بہاتا ہوا دکھائی دیتاہے۔ ان کی شاعری کا غالب حصہ قطعات پر مشتمل ہے۔
ہندوستان میں عہد غلامی کی دہکتی داستاں آغا وفا ابدالی کے سامنے تھی ۔جس کے سامنے بھیانک مناظر کو آغا وفا...
Background: Management of subfertility is influenced by the diagnosis of its causative factor. Combined diagnostic hystero-laparoscopy has emerged as an effective procedure in identifying causative factors of female subfertility. Objectives: This study aimed to identify contributory factors to primary female subfertility by diagnostic hystero-laparoscopy. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Hameed Latif hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from December 2021 to May 2022. Data was collected from 344 women with female primary subfertility, undergoing combined diagnostic hystero-laparascopy. All the demographic data along with identified causative factors (tubal blockade, cervical Os stenosis, endometrial polyp, uterine septum, uterine fibroid, endometriosis, peri tubal adhesions and polycystic ovaries) during the procedure were recorded in predesigned study proforma. Data were analyzed through SPSS software 23. Results: Mean age of the patients was 25±5.0 years and the mean duration of subfertility was 3.8+0.55 years. Two hundred and eighty-four (82.56%) patients had abnormal findings, while sixty (17.44%) had normal findings. Out of 284 patients, 94(34%) had one identified factor, while 190 (66%) patients had two or more identified factors for primary subfertility. Polycystic ovaries were seen in 128(37.21%) patients, followed by tubal blockade in 81(23.54%), peri tubal adhesions/hydrosalpinx in 58(16.86%) patients. Conclusions: Diagnostic hystero-laparoscopy is an effective diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of female factor subfertility and may be helpful to gynecologists in devising further management plans.
Five experiments were conducted consecutively for two years (2006 and 2007) for management of cotton insect pests through eco-friendly measures. In experiment-1, cotton agro-ecosystem analysis was carried out mainly based on measurement of the basic components i.e. recording the pest population, damage and natural enemies interactions with pest populations. In experiment-2, eight cotton varieties (CIM-499, TH-57/76, FH-901, CIM-473, CRIS-134, Chandi, Shahbaz and NIAB-78) were screened and monitored for their resistance against sucking insect complexes and bollworms. In experiment-3, sunflower, maize, okra and Sorghum were used as trap crops (sown in cotton) and sucking complex on cotton was compared; the effect of natural enemies on the insect pest population was examined. The population monitoring of spotted bollworm through pheromone traps was carriedout.Similarly, in experiment-4, biopesticiedes (Neem extract, Neem oil, Asafoetida (Hing) and Tobacco) were evaluated against sucking complex, with the compoent-5, model of eco-friendly measures package and IPM techniques was suggested. The results of experiment-1; showed that thrips population appeared on cotton at the age of 24-31 days after planting (DAP) and continued up to harvest. Its peak activity period varied from 1st week of June to last week of July during two years of the study period. This showed that after reaching the age of about two months the cotton crop observed maximum mean thrips population (8.71) per leaf during June-July. The whitefly attackedits vegetative growth at the age of 20-24 (DAP). The peak activity of the pest was recorded from 2nd week of June to 3rd week of July. Maximum peak population (3.20) per leaf was recorded during 2nd week of July. The jassid appeared at the age of 24-31 (DAP) in third week of May and continued upto crop harvest. Maximum activity on cotton remained during June and July with maximum mean of (2.13) per leaf during 2nd week of July. Similarly, the spotted bollworm species appeared on cotton in 3rd week of June on fruiting bodies and continued up to crop harvest. Its peak activity (0.93-2.60) per plant was recorded from 2nd week of August to 3rd week of September and decreased upto crop harvet. The larvae 265 collected from cotton were kept under labartory conditions in which 224 of Earias vitella and 41 of E.insulana emerged. The study confirmed that E. vitella existed in large nembers than E. insulana at the ratio of 57.33: 7.33. The findings of experiment-2; revealed that none of the variety was found immune to the attack of insect pests CIM-499 variety of cotton received the lowest mean whitefly population (0.51), jassid (0.61) and thrips (3.10) per leaf. Whereas, the overall lowest mean population of spotted bollworms (1.41) per plant was recorded in Shahbaz. The findings of experiment-3, indicated that cotton plant alone suffered maximum attack of pests in comparison to cotton planted with different trap crops.Theoverall maximum mean population of thrips was recorded in cotton alone (3.11)followed by (2.99), (2.93), (2.41) and(0.89) per leaf in cotton with Sorghum, cotton with sunflower, cotton with okra and cotton with maize.Similarly, the maximum jassids number (2.61) per leaf was obseved in cotton alone followed by (1.25), (1.24), (1.14) and (0.87) per leaf in cotton with sunflower, cotton with Sorghum, cotton with maize and cotton with okra.The maximum number of whitefly (1.54) per leaf was recorded in cotton alone followed by (1.07) (1.04), (0.89) and (0.82) per leaf in cotton with Sorghum, cotton with maize, cotton with sunflower and cotton with okra. Comparatively higher mean number of spotted bollworms (1.72) per plant was observed in cotton alone followed by (0.79), (0.64), (0.55) and (0.50) in cotton with maize, cotton with sunflower, cotton with Sorghum and cotton with okra, respectively. This showed that the trap crops contributed in pest reductions on cotton crops by attracting the pests as well as natural enemies which ultimatly reduced pest pressure on cotton (main crop). The okra and sunflower attracted sucking pests.The use of sex pheromone traps is advised for supressing of spotted bollworm in cotton. Two species of spiny bollworms were attracted to the sex pheromones traps. Average number of E. vitella (7.22-9.01) was attracted whereas, E. insulana ranged between (1.08-1.33) under field condition. The experiment regarding evaluation botanical pesticides showed that among all pesticides reduction of thrip (67.65%) was recorded in neem extract followed by Neem oil (60.00%), Tobacco (63.59%) and Hing (Asafoetida) (52.68%) after 96 h. of application of pesticides. Overall maximum mean reduction (64.69%) was recorded in neem extract followed by neem oil (57.74%), tobacco (52.91%) and Asafoetida (46.52%).The heighest reduction of jassid (71.97%) was recorded followed by neem oil (70.06%), Hing (Asafoetida) (68.15%) and tobacco (23.56%) after 96 h., of application of pesticides. With regards to reduction percent of whitefly revealed that maximum reduction (60.18%) was recorded in Hing (Asafoetida) followed by neem oil (59.78%), neem extract (59.38%) and tobacco (40.61%) after 96 h., of spray application. The botanical pesticides started reducing their toxicity after 96 h. However, the effective reduction of pests was recorded up to one week. Therefore, the bio-pesticides reduced their effectiveness. Development model of IPM package control measures recommendation were based on two year study on different IPM techniques for benefit of farming community through seminars, trainings and pamphlates. Using the safe botanical pesticides remained effective against sucking pests and is recommended against cotton pests, which showed less effective to natural enemies and environment friendly