اعجاز صدیقی
افسوس ہے ہمارے عزیز دوست اوربچپن کے ساتھی جناب اعجاز صدیقی کاپچھلے دنوں بمبئی میں اچانک انتقال ہوگیا۔اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم مولانا سیماب اکبر آبادی کے فرزند ارجمند اوراُن کے خاص تربیت یافتہ تھے۔اردو کے بلندپایہ اورقادرالکلام شاعر توتھے ہی، بڑی بات یہ ہے کہ فن کے اصول وفروع اوراُس کے رموزونکات اورزبان کے قواعد اوراُس کے مصطلحات پر اُن کی نگاہ وسیع اوردقیق تھی، اس بناء پر وہ نقاد بھی بہت اچھے تھے۔نثر بھی شگفتہ لکھتے تھے۔تقسیم کے بعد آگرہ کے حالات ناقابل برداشت ہوئے اور وہاں رہنا دشوار ہوگیا توبمبئی منتقل ہوگئے۔یہاں اُن کوسخت پریشانیوں اوردشواریوں سے سابقہ پیش آیا لیکن انھوں نے بڑی ہمت اورجواں مردی سے ان سب کا مقابلہ کیا۔ ’’شاعر‘‘کو نہ صرف یہ کہ جاری رکھا، اُس کوبہتر سے بہتر بنانے کی کوششوں میں لگے رہے اورآخر کاربمبئی ایسے غدارشہر میں اپنا ایک خاص مرتبہ ومقام حاصل کرنے میں کامیاب ہوئے۔ اُن کو اردو سے عشق تھا، تقسیم کے نتیجہ میں اُس پر جو بپتا پڑی تھی، مرحوم عمر بھراُس کا ماتم کرتے اوراُس کی اصلاح کی جدوجہد کرتے رہے۔طبعاً بڑے خوش خلق،غیورو خوددار،باوضع اور نہایت محنتی اور جفاکش انسان تھے۔ اُن کی وفات سے اردو اپنی فوج کے ایک بہت بڑے مجاہد سے محروم ہوگئی۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ اُن کومغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے نوازے۔
[مارچ۱۹۷۸ء]
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh terdapatnya banyak siswa yang mengalami penurunan kedisiplinan selama pembelajaran online, baik itu dalam mengikuti pembelajaran online, dalam hal mengumpulkan tugas, maupun dalam hal lainnya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan disiplin siswa atau peserta didik selama pembelajaran online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan disiplin siswa selama pembelajaran online akibat pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian penulis dapatkan melalui artikel dan juga buku yang memiliki relevansi dengan artikel ini. Untuk mendukung data kepustakaan atau literatur tersebut, data juga didapatkan dengan melakukan wawancara. Berdasarkan data yang telah diperoleh dalam penelitian, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan disiplin siswa selama pembelajaran online akibat pandemi Covid-19, yaitu (1) menurunnya motivasi belajar siswa, (2) sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai, (3) minimnya waktu luang orang tua, dan (4) penggunaan gawai yang berlebihan.
The lack of capable faculty members in academic institutions is the greatest problem in developing economies because of its inevitable influence on the efficiency and effectiveness of quality education and education system itself. Recruitment of sound faculty members is a deep rooted problem in job satisfaction. This research analyses and identifies the significant components influencing the job satisfaction among teachers serving at,academic institutions in Balochistan at school, college and university level. These determinants influence to leave the institution, turnover or switch academic institute. Constructing job satisfaction indices and classifying teachers into satisfied and dissatisfied clusters, exploring association between job satisfactions of teachers’ among different disciplines are key dimensions of this research. In previous literature job satisfaction is proved to be related to leaving intention and organisational turnover. The population size was 59713 teachers, according to Pakistan Education Statistics 2014-15 and sample of size 1048 was determined by Cochran formula. Sample was then distributed into different wards using multistage sampling technique. At first stage the cluster-sampling technique was adopted, then sample was distributed into schools, colleges and universities. At second stage, samples were then distributed in different ward for these clusters. At third stage, convenient sampling was applied. A sample of 1048 teachers from 25 districts of Balochistan was collected. Among them 576 teachers were serving in schools, 314 teachers were serving in colleges and 158 teachers were serving in universities of Balochistan. Using the SPSS software, the collected data was found reliable with Cronbach alpha. The data was then subjected to Principal Component Analysis, Chi-square, Cluster Analysis, Logistic Regression, Stepwise Regression, Multivariate Analysis (MANOVA) and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. It was found that teachers’ age, qualification, marital status, salary, experience, nature of job, sector of job and type of academic institution played a significant role in job satisfaction level of the teachers. Using Principal Component Analysis the average Job satisfaction index of faculty members of Balochistan was found 55.38 and majority of teachers in Balochistan (64%) were found satisfied with their jobs, whereas 36% teachers in Balochistan were dissatisfied with their jobs. Using the logistic regression, it is predicted that probability of teachers being satisfied with their job is 0.8265. Current study identifies that pay and monetary benefits, working environment, learning opportunities (professional skills), awareness of responsibilities, independence, policies and regulations of academic institute and passion towards growth are main factors for job satisfaction. Hope, happiness and job satisfaction among teachers might be increased by bringing these factors under consideration by policy makers for an improvement in both qualities of teaching and quality of education. Also, additional research is required to highlight relatively important factors among all predictors of job satisfaction. This research also provides a robust model and quantities review based on demographic characteristics and family background of teachers for determining job satisfaction of teachers that was lacking in previous research studies for development of intervention to improve teachers retention. The findings of the current study indicated no gender difference among the classification of academic institute teachers on pay and benefits; and growth and passions factors of job satisfaction. Male teachers were more concerned to increase the job satisfaction factors (pay and benefits, working environment and learning opportunities in job responsibilities) than the female teachers. University teachers were more disturbed concerning the job satisfaction factors (pay and benefits, and policies, rules and regulations) than the college and school teachers. Motivation, sense of accomplishment and satisfaction of teachers in Balochistan were statistically significant. A satisfied teacher leads to positive and productive behaviour. Teachers’ gender does not moderate the relationship between satisfaction and motivation, sense of accomplishment, positive productive behaviour at educational institutes in Balochistan. Furthermore, the current study indicated that job satisfaction was significantly related to the supervision. There was a positive relationship between the reward, recognition and job satisfaction. Motivation and job satisfaction have also been found to be associated with each other. The intrinsic and extrinsic motivations were strong predictors for job satisfaction In the light of current research and results, an agenda for future research on job satisfaction is provided. An intervention for teachers training program and observation study is suggested to manage symptoms of stress and practice mindfulness meditation. Furthermore, it is suggested by establishing the agencies and organisations that are dedicated to formulate a finest evaluation system will help in improving teachers’ capabilities.