یہ اقبال کے خطبات پر مشتمل ہے۔ خطبات نہایت فلسفیانہ ہیں۔ اقبال نے مدراس ، میسور اور علی گڑھ میں چھ خطبے دیے۔ پہلی باران چھ خطبات کا مجموعہ سامنے آیا۔ پھر لندن میں ایک خطبہ اور دیا گیا۔ اس طرح یہ کل سات خطبات کا مجموعہ ہے۔سید نذیر نیازی نے 1958ء میں اس کا اردو ترجمہ لاہور سے شائع کیا۔ اور بھی کئی لوگوں نے اپنے اپنے انداز میں اپنا نقطہ نظر واضح کرنے کے لیے ترجمہ کیا ہے۔ حقیقت یہ ہے کہ ان خطبات سے اقبال کے فکری مباحث کو سمجھنے میں آسانی ہوتی ہے۔ یہ تینوں نثری کتب اقبال کی زندگی میں شائع ہو چکی تھیں ۔ ترجمے کے علاوہ خطبات کا ترجمہ ” تشکیل جدید البیات اسلامیہ“ کے نام سے بعد میں سامنے آیا۔
Maulana Ghulamullah khan is considered one of the best commentators of the Quran from Punjab. Ghulamullah Khan was born in 1905 in Chaj Darya, Attock district of Punjab. He got his Quranic education from Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, who was a disciple of Maulana Hussain, a well-known and a leading commentator of the Quran. He studied hadith from Hussain Ahmad Madni, Maulana Shabir Ahmad Usmani and Anwar Shah Kashmeri. This tafseer consists of fifteen hundred pages. It has a long preface and covred up in three volumes over all. Maulana Hussain Ali named him a true successor of the Quranic studies and acknowledged that he had done this duty well. Among his works, TAFSEER JAWAHIR -UL- QURAN, has its own uniqueness and usefulness. Millions of copies have been published of this Tafsier. This tafseer is a compilation of rabat bain surulayat (connection between sura and ayat) of Maulana Hussain Ali by Ghulamullah khan and has been revised by Maulana Said Ahmad Hussain Sajad Bukhari. He is termed as Shaikh ul Quran and was called so by Maulana Hussain Ali.I have hinted at different sources for my article so that readers may expand their knowledge about the Quran and Tafseer. This article is about JAWAHIR -UL- QURAN and it will throw light on its features.
During the last decade, progress in genome engineering had a giant leap with huge applications in basic and synthetic biology. The resulting genome engineering revolution, now known as gene editing, was mostly driven by the introduction of engineered endonucleases, specifically zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) RNA-guided nucleases (e.g., Cas9) and transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs). In higher eukaryotic systems, targeted mutagenesis is frequently achieved by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) based repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induced site specifically by engineered nucleases resulting knockdown or malfunction of the targeted genes. Genimiviruses have become a serious threat to a number of crops in Pakistan. This study was initiated with the major objective of demonstrating TALEN technology for suppression of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), a major menace to cotton crop in Pakistan. DNA sequences of five most prevalent strains of cotton leaf curl virus were aligned to identify consensus regions for TALEs/TALEN targeting. TALEs/TALENs were constructed using golden gate cloning strategy. Activity of TALEs/TALENs for virus suppression was successfully demonstrated in Nicotiana benthamiana by challenging with infectious clones of, specifically, cotton leaf curl kokhran virus (CLCuKV). DSBs in the targeted region were determined by T7E1 assay. Virus accumulation was assessed by qPCR and TALEN expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. Inoculated plants showed varying degree of resistance to CLCuKV in three ways; attenuated virus infection, delayed symptoms and lower virus accumulation. Thesis results successfully demonstrate the potential of TALEs/TALEN technology for CLCuV suppression which can be a broader genome editing platform for suppression of other viruses.