سید عبدالحکیم دیسنوی
سیدی صاحب کے متعلقین میں دوسرا حادثہ عبدالحکیم صاحب دیسنوی کی وفات کا ہے، وہ رشتہ میں سید صاحبؒ کے چچا ہوتے تھے، مگر دونوں میں حقیقی چچا بھتیجے جیسے تعلقات تھے، دونوں ایک دوسرے کو بہت مانتے تھے، مرحوم سید صاحبؒ کی ہر ترقی اور ہر اعزاز پر بے انتہا مسرور ہوتے تھے، سید صاحبؒ بھی اپنے تمام نجی حالات اور علمی و قومی مشاغل کی اطلاع برابر ان کو دیتے رہتے تھے۔ اس لیے سید صاحبؒ کے مکاتیب کا سب سے بڑا ذخیرہ ان ہی کے پاس تھا۔ دونوں میں ۱۹۰۴-۵ء سے لے کر سید صاحبؒ کی وفات ۱۹۵۴ء یعنی تقریباً نصف صدی تک خط و کتابت رہی، یہ سارے خطوط سید عبدالحکیم صاحب نے محفوط رکھے اور سید صاحب کی وفات کے بعد دارالمصنفین کے حوالہ کردیئے جو اس کا بڑا قیمتی سرمایہ ہیں۔
سید عبدالحکیم صاحب کی تعلیم بہت معمولی تھی، لیکن ذوق علمی رکھتے تھے اور کتابوں کے مطالعہ سے انھوں نے اچھی خاصی استعداد بہم پہنچائی تھی، ان کا سب سے بڑا کارنامہ دیسنہ کا اردو کتب خانہ ہے، یہ کتب خانہ اس لحاظ سے ہندوستان میں بے مثل ہے کہ اس میں اردو کی اکثر مطبوعہ کتابیں اور پرانے اخبارات و رسائل کے مکمل فائل موجود ہیں جو دوسرے کتب خانوں میں مشکل سے مل سکتے ہیں، یہ کتب خانہ زیادہ تر سید عبدالحکیم صاحب کی کوشش کا نتیجہ ہے۔ انھوں نے اس کو اپنی زندگی کا مقصد بنالیا تھا، اردو کے شائقین اور اس کے ریسرچ اسکالر دور دور سے اس کو دیکھنے اور اس سے فائدہ اٹھانے کے لیے جاتے ہیں۔ سید صاحبؒ سے تعلق کی بناء پر مرحوم کو دارالمصنفین سے بڑا گہرا تعلق تھا، اگرچہ وہ اس کے کوئی عہدہ دار یا رکن نہ تھے لیکن اس کی ہواخواہی میں سب سے...
One of the primary goals of this study was to explore how a budget review approach may affect Nigeria's economic development. The reasoning was that the Nigerian economy was being challenged by a variety of imbalances in budget creation and implementation. The study strategy was based on events that occurred after the study was completed, and the data used in the study came from the Central Bank Statistical Bulletin and the Federal Ministry of Finance. A model was constructed based on both empirical and theoretical investigations in order to achieve this broad goal. The HDI, which was utilized as a measure of development, was the dependent variable in the model. The government's capital budget, recurrent budget, and the speed of annual budget implementation were the other independent variables in the model. They examined data using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model, diagnostic tests such as the test of normality, auto correlation test, and heteroskedasticity test, which proved the validity and reliability of the model they chose; inferential results reveal that the use of budget evaluation had a positive and significant impact on the Nigerian economy. According to the study's suggestions, Nigeria's government should try to increase capital and recurrent expenditures in its annual budget, both of which have a significant impact on economic development. Finally, the government should work to build budget monitoring and review infrastructure that will aid in the effective implementation of large budget expenditures while also ensuring compliance with legal procedures.
Screening of Brassica oilseeds genotypes belonging to four Brassica species including Brassica napus, Brassica Juncea, Brassica campestris and Brassica carinata was carried out under field and screenhouse conditions during crop season 2006/07 and 2007/08. Under field conditions average aphid’s density per plant was at peak during the 2nd and 3rd weak of February. Although non of the 12 genotypes was completely free of aphid attack under field conditions, nonetheless based on aphid density, Vangard with lowest aphids population (12.84 aphids/plant) was found to carry some resistance against aphids attack whereas genotype Legend with highest aphid density (37.94 aphids/plant) was on the other extreme. With respect to yield and its components, highest values for seed yield (2386 kg/ha), plant height (214.3cm) and number of branches/plant (19.20) were recorded in Peela Raya, whereas maximum 1000 grain weight (4.80g), siliqua length (8.31cm) and seed/siliqua (23.57 seed) were found in Westar, Ganyou-5, and Oscar, respectively. Highest oil, protein, oleic acid and moisture contents were found in Oscar (52.10%), T-16-401 (25.12%) and Oscar (7.09%) and lowest percentage for glucosinolates, linolenic acid and erucic acid were found in Rainbow (67.35 μm g-1), Ganyou-5 (8.78) and Crusher (36.44), respectively. Under screen-house conditions, with artificial infestation of 0, 5, 10 and 15 aphids/plant at flower-bud initiation stage in 12 Brassica genotypes, overall seed yield losses ranged from 11.08 to 75.88% from aphid’s density of 37.33 and 132.7/plant in T-16-401 and Vangard, respectively. Lowest average percent losses in seed yield, straw yield, plant height and branches, were recorded in T-16-401 (23.18), Ganyou-5 (20.35), Peela Raya (25.32) and T-16-401 (6.25) with average aphid’s density/plant of 59.00, 37.83, 65.72 and 59.00. Losses in both, siliquae mr-1 and leaves, were found in Westar (16.24%) and (7.21) with average aphids density/plant of 108.2. Highest average percent losses in Brassica oil and moisture contents were recorded in Oscar (5.90), and T-16-40 (21.27) with aphids density of 113.9 and 59.00 per plant, while highest percent gains in protein, glucosinolates, oleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid were recorded in Oscar (24.57), Rainbow (37.07), T-16-401 (19.82), Westar (13.93) and Legend (31.38) with aphid’s density of 113.9, 138.9, 59.00, 108.2 and 114.8 per plant. Among the Brassica napus group the lowest yield losses (16.25%) were recorded in Legend from 69.67 aphids/ plant. Overall, among the 12 genotypes Vangard, Crusher and Legend were the best. Based on comparatively better performance against aphids attack and making minimum compromise on yield and yield components and exhibiting increased oil recovery, the Vangard, Crusher and Legend were found best among the genotypes included in the study.