تقریظ ِ دوئم
زیرِ نظر کتاب’’نسیم سخن‘‘ نظروں سے گزری ۔یہ ایک مجموعہ تقریر ہے اور خدمتِ خلق کے جذبہ کے تحت اس کو مدون کیا گیا ہے۔ اس میں طلبا و طالبات کی ضروریات کو خصوصی طور پر پیشِ نظر رکھا گیا ہے۔ طلبا کے لیے ترغیبی انداز اختیار کیا گیا ہے۔ تقاریر میں اختصار اور جامعیت کو ملحوظِ خاطر رکھا گیا ہے۔ گزشتہ ادوار میں مقابلہ جات میں متعدد مرتبہ پوزیشنیں حاصل کرنے والا حافظ محمد اکرم راشدؔ کا یہ مجموعہ تقاریر ’’نسیم سخن‘‘ آئندہ بھی ضرور کفایت کرے گا۔ اس میں موجود مواد تشنگانِ علم کی پیاس بجھانے میں ممد و معاون ثابت ہو گا۔ ایک جگہ پر اتنی تقاریر کا مل جانا ناممکن نہیں تو محال ضرور ہے۔
حافظ محمد اکرم راشدؔ سے میرا دیرینہ تعلق ہے۔ یہ ایک علم دوست انسان ہیں۔ خاندانی شرافت اور علم کی بہاریں انھیں ورثے میں ملی ہیں۔ان کی طبع میں حلم و بردباری ہے۔ اپنی تمام تر خصوصیات کو عوام الناس میں بالعموم اور طلبا میں بالخصوص منتقل کرنے کا جذبہ رکھتے ہیں۔ یہ دینی علوم کا حظِ وافر رکھنے کے ساتھ ساتھ ایم۔اے، ایم۔ایڈ بھی ہیں اور ایم۔اے عربی میں گولڈ میڈلسٹ بھی ہیں۔آپ ایک گورنمنٹ ہائی سکول سے بطور رئیس مدرسہ ریٹائر ہوئے ہیں۔ فی الوقت جامع مسجد این۔ بلاک عارف والا میں بطور خطیب فرائض سر انجام دے رہے ہیں۔ عارف والا اوراس کے مضافات میں بطور خوش نویس بھی ان کی شناخت ہے۔قبل از ایں ’’نگارشاتِ راشد‘‘ کے نام سے مختلف مضامین و مقالات پر مشتمل ان کی کتاب زیورِ طباعت سے آراستہ ہو کر منظرِ عام پر آچکی ہے۔اللہ تعالیٰ ان کی اس کد وکاوش کو قبول فرمائے۔
رانا کوثر خاں
چیف ایکزیکٹو آفیسر(ایجوکیشن)
ڈسٹرکٹ ایجوکیشن اتھارٹی ، پاک پتن
This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the application of the jigsaw model in learning to write Indonesian exposition texts for class VIII SMP Negeri 4 Sendana in Majene. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental type experiment with two groups, namely the control group and the experimental group who were given a pretest and posttest. These two groups aim to prove whether the jigsaw learning model is effectively used or not in class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Sendana. Before implementing Jigsaw Model, the results of the study suggest less successful, as shown by the 17 pupils who can only answer the questions that have been presented. As demonstrated by 51 students who were able to answer questions, the outcomes of studying exposition texts using the jigsaw learning approach in class VIII were successful.
Cancer related mortality rate is exceptionally high in developing countries including Pakistan. Lack of awareness regarding early warning signs and potential risk factors often contributes to high mortality rate. Complex molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of various malignancies. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is one of the key pathways involved in cancer progression by cellular and immune regulation. This pathway is usually kept inactive in cytoplasm of normal cells by another group of proteins known as inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB). Degradation of IκB is regulated by a set of proteins called IκB kinases (IKKs) resulting in deregulated activation of NF-κB pathway in malignant cells. IKKs have been reported to interact with cellular Myelocytomatosis (c-Myc), thereby suggesting NF-κB-independent roles of IKKs in tumors. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) microscopy was employed to analyze the association of IKKs and c-Myc in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cell line. The current study revealed for the first time that the helix loop helix (HLH) and leucine zipper (LZ) domains of IKKα play an indispensable role in the interaction of IKKα with c-Myc. Further the effect of the IKKs and c-Myc interaction was tested at transcriptional and translational levels. IKKs were not found to affect the c-Myc expression at transcriptional and translational level, but IKKs were found to reduce transcriptional activity of c- Myc, thereby suggesting a possible regulatory role of IKKs on c-Myc and cancer. The interaction of IKKα with c-Myc was found to be comparatively stronger as compared to IKKβ. Therefore, in order to explore the independent role of IKKα in Breast cancer, the paraffin embedded tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained with IKKα. The immunohistochemical analysis of IKKα protein showed its decreased expression in Progesterone receptor (PR) positive BC biopsies suggesting an inverse correlation between the two proteins. An association between IKKα expression with tumor grade was observed but was found to be statistically insignificant. Abstract xxii Proto-oncogenes such as c-Myc are often found to be up-regulated in most of the human neoplasmas often in association with genetic changes including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Therefore, the effect of 27 non synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) on the structure and function of c-Myc protein was found through an in silico analysis. Among the various nsSNPs studied; rs114570780 (Tyr47His), rs150308400 (Cys148Tyr), rs137906262 (Leu159Ile) and rs200431478 (Ser362Phe) were found to have noteworthy biological worth and may be considered while developing personalized therapeutic approaches. Taken together, these findings have potential implications in the development of diagnostics and therapeutic approaches against malignancies.