مرزا سلطان احمد
افسوس ہے کہ اعظم گڑھ کی ممتاز مقبول شخصیت مرزا سلطان احمد صاحب رٹائر ممبر بورڈ آف ریونیو نے طویل علالت کے بعد گزشتہ ۱۷؍ فروری کو انتقال کیا وہ پرانے علیگ اور اپنے زمانہ کے لائق ترین عہدہ داروں میں تھے، اپنی قابلیت سے ڈپٹی کلکٹری سے کلکٹری اور بورڈ کی ممبری تک ترقی کی اور جہاں رہے اپنی دیانتداری اور شرافت سے مقبول و نیک نام رہے، بڑے عہدہ داروں میں ایسے شریف اور خلیق انسان کم دیکھنے میں آئے ہیں، ان کا خمیر ہی اخلاق و شرافت سے گوندھا گیا تھا، ادنی و اعلیٰ ہر شخص کے ساتھ ان کا اخلاق یکساں تھا، ہر ملنے والے کے ساتھ کوئی نہ کوئی ایسی خصوصیت ضرور برتتے تھے جس سے اس کو یہ محسوس ہوتا کہ وہ اس کے ساتھ خاص تعلق رکھتے ہیں۔
بڑے وضعدار، فیاض اور مہمان نواز تھے جس سے جس قسم کے تعلقات تھے، اس کو عمر بھر نباہا، ملازمت کے زمانہ میں ان کا دستر خوان بڑا وسیع اور گھر مستقل مہمان خانہ تھا، ان کے اعزہ و احباب میں سے کوئی نہ کوئی ان کے یہاں مستقل مقیم رہتا تھا اور جس کو ضرورت ہوتی اس کی نقدی سے بھی مدد کرتے تھے، ہر حاجت مند کی مدد کے لیے ہر وقت تیار رہتے تھے اور اس کے لیے ایسے کام کر گزرتے تھے جس کی ہمت ہر شخص نہیں کرسکتا، وہ بڑے تنخواہ دار تھے لیکن جو کچھ کمایا سب صرف کردیا، اعظم گڑھ میں دو ہی ایسے شخص تھے جنھوں نے بہت پیدا کیا، مگر اپنے بعد کچھ نہیں چھوڑا، ایک مرزا صاحب، دوسرے اقبال سہیل مرحوم ملازمت سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد حکومت نے ان کے سامنے پبلک سروس کمیشن کی ممبری پیش کی، مگر انھوں نے وطن چھوڑنا پسند نہ کیا اور اعظم...
On the 11th of February this year death vanquished Pakistan’s Asma Jahangir: Nothing else could. Her name will endure; yet one cannot go on to say “death thou art dead” for the vacuum in the field where this indomitable and intellectually gifted lawyer fought and won her battles for the forgotten and ignored, the resource-less, and – above all – for the politically and socially persecuted is felt more gravely with each passing day: Asma Jahangir was a convinced human rights activist. There are many such, but she was a uniquely effective and successful one.
Digital Watermarking of Stereoscopic Images Using Depth Image Based Rendering and Machine Learning The increasing acceptance of 3D-TV in recent years has attracted attention of the research community and industry towards the technology. Depth Image Based Rendering (DIBR) is the latest advancement in 3D-TV and free-view television. With the widespread of 3D content, copyright protection is becoming a serious concern for maximizing the profits and preventing illegitimate acquisition and distribution of the 3D media content. Digital watermarking is one such promising technique to tackle this problem. This thesis presents a comprehensive literature study of application of digital watermarking techniques, i.e., the three different paradigms for 3D images in particular and 3D-TV system in general. These paradigms include robust, fragile, and reversible watermarking for 3D system. In addition, this work also presents an improved reduced reference image quality assessment for 3D images along with a comprehensive literature survey of the field. Firstly, this thesis proposes a robust watermarking technique for 3D-TV. The proposed technique is based upon intelligent parameter selection using Genetic Algorithm (GA) in an improved spread spectrum based watermarking system. In order to enhance robustness, another layer of security of the watermark is added using Bose–Chadhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) coding. Experimental results and comparison with state of the art technique demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique to structure the watermark for high robustness in the presence of a number of hostile attacks. The second phase of this research proposes a fragile watermarking scheme for 3D-TV system for the purpose of content authentication. The proposed technique is based upon implicit watermarking of a number of other un-watermarked coefficient from a dependence neighborhood in a DCT based watermarking schemes. Such a scheme is robust against common counterfeiting attacks such as collage attack, cover up attack, transplantation, and vector quantization attack. In addition, the propose scheme is also capable of localizing the tempering of the cover work. x In the third phase of this research work, a reversible watermarking technique for DIBR 3D-TV is developed. The DIBR 3D-TV or free-view TV is one of the most promising technique in multimedia world. So, the protection of these valuable contents is an important concern in the world of digital processing. This study exploits the interpolation scheme by applying Genetic Programming (GP) based intelligent reversible watermarking technique. Previously, the empirical solutions are not that much effective and use hit and trial strategies for selecting optimal space for watermark embedding. The proposed scheme achieved considerable watermark capacity as well as Structure Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), compared to existing state of the art contemporary schemes. The existing methods performed well against GA and Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO), but show relatively less performance compared with Tian’s method. However, the PSNR value in the proposed method outperforms against Tian’s scheme. The proposed algorithm is tested on different standard publicly available 3D datasets. It is observed that the proposed scheme gives relatively better results compared with state of the art techniques. Last phase of this research work proposes an enhanced reduced reference image quality assessment technique. Reduced reference image quality assessment (RR-IQA) technique does not require the presence of the original image for assessing the quality of a degraded image. This work proposes an intelligent method for reduced reference image quality assessment based on Reorganized Discrete Cosine Transform (RDCT). The GA is used to compute optimized estimation of Generalized Gaussian Distribution (GGD), which then approximates the coefficient distribution in RDCT domain. Experimental results validate that such an intelligent estimation produces far superior results as compared to conventional empirical estimation methods as presented in literature. The comparative analysis of the proposed technique with a number of contemporary techniques present in the literature demonstrate the generalization capability and effectiveness of the proposed technique as compared to prior works.