مکی دور نبوی ﷺ کے فنون ِ لطیفہ کے معاشرتی مظاہر کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Fine Arts, shows the aesthetic side of any society and it is very important part of any culture, as its presence expresses the cultural diversity and richness and connects different segments of society. This article throws a light on the fine arts of Makkah society before the Prophet Hood. It is very common among historians and orientalists to accuse the society of Makkah void of any cultural expression apart from its love for poetry, which is not true. The matter of the fact is that this society was fully developed aesthetically despite its nomadic and barren desert life. The cultural expressions of storytelling, poetry, architecture, painting, sculpture making were true and pure to this part of world without any influence from outside world. The tradition of storytelling was an essential element of Makkah cultural life and it was common among the elite of Makkah to have night sittings, where along with drinking, music they used to narrate anecdotes of past.  Although the architecture of Makkah people was simple, it was self-sufficient to the needs of the environment. This research paper is an attempt to look into the various forms of Fine Arts of Makkah and how these expressions were deeply embedded in the society.

Intelligent Gender Identification Using Diverse Facial Features in Different Conditions

Humans can effortlessly determine the gender of other person. This has stimulated interest to enable computer machine of accurate guessing the human faces as male or female. Major problems in face classification are due to the large variance in appearance in a digital image when it is captured / exposed to different lightning and unfamiliar pose. Gender classification has an extensive usage in numerous problems and domains. Automated gender classification is an area of great significance and has huge impact and potential for future research. Its use is significant in several industrial applications such as monitoring, security, surveillance, biometrics, commercial profiling and human computer interaction. Gender has been identified using different traits like gait, iris and hand shape but a major and significant work has been carried out based on face. Main emphasis of this research work is critical assessment of different methods used in Gender Classification and highlighting favorable and unfavorable factors of these existing techniques. In next sections methodologies have been presented for efficient gender classification in still images and animated videos and over smart phones. Schemes have been presented for these diverse medium of digital image processing. We have conducted experiments to identify gender for the comparisons purpose for both areas of focus i.e. consumer face images captured run-time and fictional characters in animated movies. Flow of work, implementation of proposed classification methodology and learning algorithm is part of this thesis. Main modules of Gender Classification task are image acquisition, face detection, image normalization, feature extraction and classification. Every task has been thoroughly iii investigated with state of art methods and then final modeling is proposed, implemented and tested.