This study collaborates between traditional games and technology. The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes in PPKN (Citizenship Education) learning through barcode-based traditional games tumbawa. This type of research is classroom action research. This research was conducted because based on preliminary observations, the results of students' daily tests in PPKn learning were still low, from 25 students, 25 students, only 12 people or 48% had good learning outcomes. The procedures used in this study consisted of planning, implementing, observing, reflecting. This research was conducted in two cycles of action. The data collection methods used were tests, observation, interviews, and documentation. In analyzing the data used a qualitative descriptive method assisted by the calculation of the percentage. The targeted research output is the national journal published in the internationally accredited journal 5. The level of technology readiness used is in the field of education (TKT 2). This research is expected to create a learning atmosphere and a learning process that attracts students' attention so that it provides better learning achievement than before.
This study aims to explore the impact of national elections on stock and commodity market of Pakistan for the sample period of 1997 to 2013. Four national elections were held during the sampled period. The impact of these four national elections on stock market and the latest two national elections on commodity market are analyzed. The later are restricted to national election 2008 and 2013 due to establishment of Pakistan mercantile exchange in 2007. The stock and commodity returns that is average abnormal return (AABR) and cumulative average abnormal return (CAABR) are computed for a time window of 41 days that is 20 days prior, Election Day, and 20 days after the election. The returns of 120 days before the proposed time window are taken as a benchmark. The results indicate both positive and negative abnormal return in the proposed time frame for both average abnormal return and cumulative average abnormal return by employing market model and market model adjusted for GARCH. Similarly, the cumulative average abnormal returns are tested for different time span and results show abnormal return for all the national elections both for stock and commodity markets. The results indicate that both Karachi stock exchange and Pakistan mercantile exchange exhibit inefficient behavior around these national elections.