Muslim Religious Militancy: Causes and Cure

Islamic religious militancy is a matter of great concern for the Muslim and the non-Muslim world today. The analysis of the ideology of the militants reveals that they find the legitimacy of their military activities in the ideal of the establishment of an Islamic state to establish the universal rule of Islām, and in the specific interpretations of some Qur’ānic verses, Aḥādīth of the Prophet (r), and also from the establishment of the Islamic state in Madīnah by the Prophet (r), his the military expeditions and those of his companions against their opponents and from the treatment of our historians of the individual military campaigns against the Muslim regimes of their times. The Muslim militants also fight against their Muslim governments on the grounds that they are not the true Islamic governments. The militants do not bother to kill the common Muslim masses, who vote and support such rulers. They take it as collateral damage. The world naturally reacts to this cult, especially the west, being at the helm of the world politics. Not only do the West tries to crush the Islamic militants, across the world, but also, topple the Muslim democratic governments having any ideal of an Islamic Khilāfah. This frustrates the peaceful political activists and strengthens the military activists, further. To end this ongoing and mounting cult of religious militancy, it is necessary to review the specific and traditional interpretations of the academic sources of Islām: Qur’ān, Ḥadīth and Fiqh, regarding the legitimacy of militancy in Islām. Secondly, to remove their misconceptions, it is necessary to engage the militants in dialogue through a counter narrative, which the author tried to present here.

Differences between Supervisors' and Subordinates' perception of Job Definition in Mobile Organization

Telecom sector of Pakistan has a rapid growth rate in last few years. One of the problems being faced by mobile organizations is high rate of employees’ turnover. This study analyzes the perception of supervisors and subordinates on job definition of mobile organizations with relationships to turnover intent. Supervisor perception about the subordinate’s job and subordinates perception about their job. In addition, factors which affect the relationship between two sides are also analyzed. One hundred and ninety supervisors and subordinate employees of major mobile organizations were surveyed. The measurement included perception of job definition, supervisors attributes on subordinates job performance, subordinates attributes towards their job and supervisors attitude towards subordinates job description. One hundred and sixty questionnaires were distributed to supervisors and their respective subordinates and one hundred and forty were returned back. Univarite analysis ANOVA was used to find the relationship of eleven hypotheses of the study. Multivariate analysis was also performed on relationship of JDPI and tangible and in tangible satisfaction with turnover intent. Statistical package SPSS 17.0 was used. The study and analysis discovered that there are perceptional differences between supervisors and their respective subordinates. 55% subordinates’ think that their relationship with supervisors are not friendly and they are overload at workplace. 69% supervisors think that subordinates take more time to perform different tasks and give more priority to trivial matters of the job. In addition more than 50% supervisors perceive that most of their subordinates are classic squeaky wheel that needs always greasing. Furthermore 64 % subordinates think that they can easily adjust in any other organization, this shows their belongingness to their organizations and it would be critical for the mobile organizations.