مسلم عائلی قوانین آرڈیننس ۱۹۶۱ء کی دفعہ ۴ (یتیم پوتے وغیرہ کی میراث) : اسلامی احکام کی روشنی میں تحقیقی جائزہ

Issues of inheritance have been thoroughly maintained in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. As per these injunctions, the principle of AL’Aqrab fal’aqrab “the closest in kin” is to be observed. According to these principles, grandchildren, even though orphaned, have no right to inherit grandfather in the presence of direct children. On the other hand, section 4 of Muslim Family Laws, 1961 grants a share to orphaned grandchildren from the inheritance of his grandfather. Whereas, as per the constitution, no law can be enacted which is repugnant to the injunctions of the Holy Quran and Sunnah, now, whether the above mentioned section is in conformity with the injunctions of the Holy Quran and Sunnah or not is to be treated properly. If not, so from which perspective, it is repugnant to the Islamic Injunctions? These questions have been analysed critically in this paper and finally it has been concluded that section 4 of Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961 contrasts with the injunctions as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah.

Cloning and Insilico Characterization of Itr1 Gene from Bread Wheat Advance Lines

Iron being an important micronutrient plays a vital role in maintaining life on planet earth. It is equally important for plants and animals. Deficiency of iron is one of the major causes of anemia. The present study was performed with the objective of gene cloning and the in-silico characterization of metal transporters in wheat.Experiments were conducted on the wheat advance lines varieties ML 16 and GF 16, for which seeds were obtained from Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad. Seeds were grown in growth chamber androots of plant were used for RNA extraction. The IRT1 iron transporter from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) advance lines was cloned and in silico characterized at Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory in department of Botany GC University Faisalabad. The IRT1 was cloned and sequenced for in silico characterization and compared with other iron transporter sequences. It is revealed that IRT1 gene is present in the cereal crop like maize, rice and wheat and molecular study revealed that the size of protein is 2532.0 Da. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of the cloned gene exhibited 100% similarity with iron transporter gene of Oryza sativa. The MSA also clearly indicated a conserve region of ZIP gene family. The present study can be used as a mile stone for understanding of iron transporters in wheat under different set of climatic conditions and wheat breeding programs for introducing new wheat varieties with better iron contents in future.