±ساغر جعفری(۱۹۱۳ء۲۰۰۲ء) کا اصل نام محمد حسین جعفری ہے۔ آپ سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ساغر جعفری ایک پختہ گو شاعر تھے۔ ان کا کلام’’ادبِ لطیف‘‘،’’ساقی‘‘،’’رومان‘‘ اور دیگر ملکی سطح کے رسائل و جرائد میں چھپتا رہا۔ساغر جعفری رومانوی تحریک سے وابستہ رہے۔ (۶۵۹) انھوں نے غزل ،نظم،گیت ،قطعہ ،نعت ،منقتبت،مرثیہ ،سلام،ماہیہ ،اور ہائیکو میں طبع آزمائی کی۔ آپ اقبال کی قومی و ملی شاعری سے بہت متاثر تھے۔ قومیت و وطنیت کے حوالے سے اقبال کا رنگ ساغر جعفری کی شاعری میں واضح طورپر نظر آتا ہے۔
’’بہارو نگار‘‘ ساغر جعفری کا پہلا مجموعہ کلام ہے۔ جس کا پہلا ایڈیشن ۱۹۹۵ء میں شائع ہوا۔ اس مجموعے کے صفحات دو سو چوبیس ہیں۔ا س کا پیش لفظ ڈاکٹر وحید قریشی اور تعارف احمد ندیم قاسمی نے لکھا ہے۔ اس مجموعے میں غزلیں ،ہائیکو اور ماہیے شامل ہیں۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ’’برگِ گل‘‘ کے نام سے ۱۹۹۵ء میں شائع ہوا۔ اس مجموعے کے صفحات کی تعداد ایک سو چھہتر ہے۔ اس میں ان کی نظمیں ،غزلیں اور گیت شامل ہیں۔ برگِ گل میں مشاہیر پاکستان بالخصوص قائد اعظم اور اقبال کی خدمات پر انھیں خراجِ عقیدت پیش کیا گیا ہے۔ ان کے علاوہ میرانیس اور مرزا دبیر کے فکری و فنی اثرات کا اظہار بھی ہے۔ اس کتاب کا دیباچہ ڈاکٹر وزیر آغا اور تعارف ظہیر کا شمیری نے لکھا ہے۔
ساغر جعفری کا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ’’دائرے‘‘ ہے۔ جو ۱۹۹۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔ اس کے صفحات کی تعداد ایک سو چوراسی ہے۔ اس مجموعے میں غزلیں اور قطعات شامل ہیں۔ اس کتاب کا مقدمہ ڈاکٹر انور سدید نے لکھا ہے۔ اس کے قطعات کا بڑا موضوع اخلاقی ،معاشرتی اور سماجی مسائل ہیں۔
’’جامِ مودت‘‘ ساغر کا چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ہے جو ۱۹۹۷ء میں شائع ہوا۔ اس کا فلیپ علامہ...
The Qur’an is the most-read book in the world. Revealed by Allah Almighty to Prophet Muhammad, and revered by Muslims as being Allah’s Final Scripture and Testament, its words have been lovingly recited, memorized and implemented by Muslims of every nationality ever since. The Quran is also the only holy book that can be memorized in its entirety by people of all ages and intellectual abilities – including non-Arabic speakers – which Muslims consider to be one of its miracles. The Holy Quran is the source guide; the purpose of Similitude in Qur’an is to get a lesson. In each instance there is knowledge to mankind, it possesses a particular utility. Allah ta’aala has invited to all mankind to consider the Quran, as in the Holy Quran” Do they not then think deeply in the Qur'an, or are their hearts locked up (from understanding it)?”. This article explains deeply about the Importance of Similitude of Qur’an.
The present research work shows the fabrication of potentiometric urea Biosensor based on magnetic nanoparticles iron oxide (Fe3O4) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) through simple, economical and reproducible approach. Co-precipitation method has been adopted for synthesis of nanoparticles of Fe3O4 and Co3O4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-rays powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic characterization tools have been utilized to look through the morphology, compositional purity, crystallinity and emission characteristics of the fabricated magnetic nanoparticles. The study of magnetic measurement of Fe3O4 and Co3O4 nanoparticles was carried out in order to confirm their ferromagnetic behaviour, which could be attributed to the uncompensated surface spins and/or finite size effects. The magnetic study depicts that the ferromagnetic order of the Fe3O4 and Co3O4 nanoparticles is raised with increasing the decomposition temperature. Furthermore, in one set of experiment, the potentiometric urea biosensor was fabricated by drop casting the initially prepared isopropanol and chitosan solution, containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles, on the glass fiber filter (2cm diameter). To extract the voltage signal from the functionalized nanoparticles, a copper wire (thickness ~500 μm) has been utilized. The functionalization of surface of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles is obtained by the electrostatically immobilization of urease onto the nanobiocomposite of the Fe3O4-chitosan (CH). Urea biosensor with enhanced sensitivity, specificity, stability and reusability was fabricated. Electrochemical detection procedure has been adopted to measure the potentiometric response over the wide logarithmic concentration range of the 0.1 to 80 mM. Urea biosensor based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles depicts good sensitivity with 42 mV per decade at room temperature. In other set of experiment, a potentiometric urea biosensor has been fabricated through the immobilization of urease enzyme onto Co3O4-CH hybrid nanobiocomposite on glass filter paper and a copper wire (500μm diameter) has been attached with nanoparticles to extract the voltage output signal. The shape, size and dimensions of the Co3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and diameter of nanoparticles lies in the range between Abstract 2 80-100 nm. The structural quality of the Co3O4 nanoparticles is confirmed from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements while the Raman spectroscopy has been used to understand the chemical bonding between the different atoms. A physical absorption method has been adopted to immobilize the enzyme on to the surface of Co3O4-CH hybrid nanobiocomposite. The potentiometric sensitivity curve measured over the large concentration range 0.1 - 80 mM of urea electrolyte and it revealed that the fabricated biosensor holds good linear sensing ability with a slope curve of the 45mV / decade. Besides magnetic nanoparticles, non magnetic nanoparticles silver (Ag) was also exploited for the fabrication of urea biosensor. Magnetic nanoparticles of Co3O4 showed better sensitivity response of 45mV per decade in comparison to that of Fe3O4 and Ag nanoparticles sensitivity response of 42 mV per decade. Presented biosensors depict good reusability, selectivity, reproducibility; resistance against interferers along with the nice stable output response of ~12 seconds. Moreover, proposed biosensor was used for determination of urea concentration in urine and blood samples of healthy and sick people. Comparing the results with laboratory data indicates that results were consistent with the laboratory data. Keywords: Cobalt oxide (Co3O4), iron oxide (Fe3O4), magnetic nanoparticles, potentiometry, urea biosensor, chitosan, magnetic studies.