محنت میں عظمت
محنت میں عظمت سے مراد یہ ہے کہ کام کر کے ،دست و باز وکو با مقصد متحرک کر کے، قلوب و اذہان کو طمانیت بخشتے ہوئے حصولِ عظمت کی خاطر جہد مسلسل کرنا، گورا ہو، کالا ہو، پست ہو، طویل القامت ہو، دُبلا پتلا ہو یا لحیم شحیم ہو، یہودی ہو، نصرانی ہو یا ٓتش پرست، الغرض جس مسلک یامشرب سے منسلک ہواس بات کا وہ ضرور معترف ہے کہ اگر کوئی عظمت، آن اور تفوق کے سہرے کو اپنے سر پر سجانا چاہتا ہے تو وہ صرف اور صرف محنت سے ہی ایسا کر سکتا ہے۔
فرمانِ باری تعالیٰ ہے ’’انسان کے لیے وہی کچھ ہے جس کے لئے وہ کوشش اور محنت کرتا ہے‘‘بنی نوع انسان کی تاریخ کے اوراق کا اگر مطالعہ اورمشاہدہ کریں تو یہ بات اظہر من الشمس ہے کہ جن سلف صالحین اور نابغۂ روز گار ہستیوں نے نام پیدا کیا وہ شب و روز محنت و مشقت کی چکی میں پستی رہیں۔ اقبال نام کے ہزاروں ہوں گے لیکن علامہ اقبال رحمۃاللہ علیہ ایک ہی ہے۔ اسی طرح غزالی رحمۃ اللہ علیہ ، رازی رحمۃ اللہ علیہ نفیسی رحمۃاللہ علیہ جیسے زعماء جو آسمان علم و دانش پر آفتاب و ماہتاب بن کر چمکے یہ سب ان کی محنت لگن ، کاوش اور انتھک جد و جہد کا نتیجہ تھا۔ محنت شاقہ اور جذبہ صادق ہوتو کہساروں سے بھی جوئے شیر نکالی جاسکتی ہے۔
نامی کوئی بغیر مشقت نہیں ہوا
سو بار جب عقیق کٹا تب نگیں ہوا
حضور اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی حدیث پاک ہے کہ’’ حلال روزی کمانے والا ( محنت کر نیوالا ) اللہ تعالیٰ کا دوست ہوتا ہے۔‘‘ نماز پنجگانہ ایک اہم عبادت ہے، ز کوٰ ۃ ارکان اسلام سے ایک اہم رکن ہے، حج ایک اہم عبادت...
The research reveals significant insights cited by Ibn Al ‘Irāqī in his book "Toḥfah Al Taḥṣīl" on the illusions of Al-‘Alā'ī in his book "Jāmi Al Taḥṣīl". It highlights the scientific value of those illusions that Ibn Al-‘Irāqī pointed out. Several of them are related to narrators of hadith and their issues of hearing from their sheikhs. Many of those illusions are related to the chain narrators (isnad), the main text of the report (matn), or their position in the books of sunnah. There are no previous studies on this subject. I put the sequential insights I revel under headlines through which one can realize the illusions that Al-Ala'i fell in. I conclude with the perceptions that both Ibn Al-‘Iraqī and Al-‘Alā’ī have shared. I don’t mention my opinion after each insight for Ibn Al-‘Iraqī; however, my silence is an approval to what he said. When I went against him or it was important to mention any comment or information, I openly said my opinion and explained the reasons for my opposition. Some of the research findings are: Al-Ala'i ignores mentioning the narrator's gap (irsal), although Al-Mizzī mentions it in his book "Tahdhīb", or the scholars mention it before both of them. He describes the narrator having a gap (irsāl) and attributes it to Al-Mizzī. He added notes like "he didn't encounter him" and formulated expressions that weren’t mentioned by neither Al Dhahabī nor Al-Mizzī. He references a Ḥadīth to a book that it is not included in.
The full kinetic dispersion relation for the Geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) including diamagnetic effects due to inhomogeneous plasma density and temperature is derived by using the drift kinetic theory. The fluid model including the effects of ion parallel viscosity (pressure anisotropy) is also presented that allows to recover exactly the adiabatic index obtained in kinetic theory. We show that diamagnetic effects lead to the positive up-shift of the GAM frequency and appearance of the second (lower frequency) branch related to the drift frequency. The latter is a result of modification of the degenerate (zero frequency) zonal flow branch which acquires a finite frequency or becomes unstable in regions of high temperature gradients. By using the full electromagnetic drift kinetic equations for electrons and ions, the general dispersion relation for geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) is derived incorporating the electromagnetic effects. It is shown that m=1 harmonic of the GAM mode has a finite electromagnetic component. The electromagnetic corrections appear for finite values of the radial wave numbers and modify the GAM frequency. The effects of plasma pressure βe, the safety factor q and the temperature ratio τ on GAM dispersion are analyzed. Using the quantum hydrodynamical model of plasmas, the stability analysis of self-gravitational electrostatic drift waves for a streaming non-uniform quantum dusty magneto-plasma is presented. For two different frequency domains i.e., Ω0d<<ω<Ω0i (unmagnetized dust) and ω<< Ω0d < Ω0i (magnetized dust), we simplify the general dispersion relation for self-gravitational electrostatic drift waves which incorporates the effects of density inhomogeneity ∇n0α, streaming velocity v0α due to magnetic field inhomogeneity ∇B0, Bohm potential and the Fermi degenerate pressure. For the unmagnetized case, the drift waves may become unstable under appropriate conditions giving rise to Jeans instability. The modified threshold condition is also determined for instability by using the intersection method for solving the cubic equation. We note that the inhomogeneity in magnetic field (equilibrium density) through streaming velocity (diamagnetic drift velocity) suppress the Jeans instability depending upon the characteristic scale length of these inhomogeneities. On the other hand, the dust-lower- hybrid wave and the quantum mechanical effects of electrons tend to reduce the growth rate as expected. A number of special cases are also discussed.