Pandemic Impact on the Travels and Tourism Sector of Nepal

The travel and tours enterprise were badly affected due to pandemics. In the aftermath of high restrictions on human movement, travel-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted due to lockdown. Due to pandemic, highly impacted into earning-saving, lack of supportive working conditions, lower self-capacity, and lack of recovery budget and policies, the travel and tours-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted. The study reflected the impact of pandemics on travel and tours, major constraints, and a possible way forward to sustaining. The research explores what are the major existing practices of sustaining travel and tours entrepreneurs during pandemics, what factors can contribute to building bounce-back capacities of travel and tours entrepreneurs’ sustainability. Above forty-four, snowball-based sampling was done from major travel and tours entrepreneurs, Pokhara-Nepal. A structure-based open-ended questionnaire, key informant interviews, and in-person-based discussion were applied in the method of study. Used the content analysis along with a recap of the research question, undertake bracketing to identify biases, operationalize variables with develop a coding, and code the data with undertaking analysis while qualitative analysis, and multiple regression facilitated on quantitative analysis to finalize the discussion. The study reflects that self-saving, social support, state and financial institutions recovery support, social behavior and change communication, full vaccination practices, and self-accountable tourist behavior are highly expectable conditions to the sustainability of travel and torus entrepreneurship in the learning area. The study concludes that self-saving capacity can contribute to bounce-back capacity for every entrepreneur. Social support and socioeconomic recovery packages were also contributing to sustaining travel and tours in the study area. Self-saving condition and capacity is higher bounce back capacity compared to non-saved entrepreneurs in the study area. Social support, socioeconomic recovery practices, and recovery packages from state and financial institutions were not at the higher level as expected.

Study of Time-Based Work Family Conflict in the Nursing Profession in Islamabad

This research investigates the social and domestic problems faced by the married nurses in the fulfillment of their professional responsibilities. Study addresses the critical issue of work family conflict in Pakistani perspective. The Research was conducted in two hospitals of Islamabad (Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences and Poly Clinic Hospital). Different aspects of the issue were endeavored to be explored. The main domain of this research was to see the prevalence of work-family conflict among nurses. One of the more frequent pursuits in the research is the quest to identify which segment of shift schedule (morning, evening and night) represents higher level of work family conflict for married nurses. Sample of the study consisted of two hundred married nurses working in different shifts in hospitals out of which 161 responded back. The Response rate was 80%. The Study further explored Length of shift, work schedule flexibility, family support that affects Work – family conflicts. The results of the study reveal that presently most of the nurses working in hospitals are assigned 12-hour Shift. Work schedule flexibility and family support are negatively associated with work- family conflicts while work schedule flexibility is positively associated with family supports. Evening and night shift nurses were found to have greater level of work family conflict than that of morning shift nurses. Nurses with cooperative environment at home suffer less from social and domestic problems while lengthy duration of working shifts affects the married life of the nurses.