قاضی سلیمان صاحب منصور پوری
وہ مشرقی فاضل جس کی موت پر آج ہم کو ماتم کرنا ہے وہ قاضی محمد سلمان منصور پوری سابق جج پٹیالہ اور سیرت کی مشہور کتاب ’’رحمۃ للعالمین‘‘ کے مصنف ہیں، وہ علم و عمل، زہد و کمال اور فضل و ورع دونوں کے جامع تھے، روشن دل اور دماغ تھے، ان کے جدید و قدیم دونوں خیالات حداعتدال پر تھے، عربی زبان اور علوم دین کے مبصر عالم تھے، توراۃ و انجیل پر فاضلانہ و ناقدانہ نگاہ رکھتے تھے، غیرمسلموں سے مناظرہ کے شائق تھے، مگر ان کے مناظرہ کا طرز سنجیدگی، متانت اور عالمانہ وقار کے ساتھ تھا، مسلکاً اہل حدیث تھے، مگر اماموں اور مجتہدوں کی دل سے عزت اور ان کی محنتوں اور جانفشانیوں کی پوری قدر کرتے تھے۔
وہ ندوۃ العلماء کے دیرینہ رکن تھے اور اسی وساطت سے ان سے تعارف حاصل ہوا، اور تعارف نے باہم انس و مودّت کی صورت پیدا کی، جب مل جاتے دیر تک ہم ذوقی کا لطف قائم رہتا، سیرۃ، جدید مناظرات و کلام اور محاسن اسلام کے مختلف پہلوؤں پر گفتگو رہتی، اور اس لطف میں تھوڑی دیر کے لئے ہر چیز فراموش ہوجاتی، چند سال ہوئے کہ دارالمصنفین بھی ان کے فیض قدوم سے منور ہوا تھا، بلند قامت، خوش رو، خوش لباس، وجیہ، گھنی داڑھی، سپید صافہ باندھا کرتے تھے۔
ان کی مستقل تصنیفات میں رحمۃ للعالمین، الجمال والکمال (تفسیر سورۂ یوسف) اور سفرنامۂ حجاز، یادگار ہیں، ان کے علاوہ چھوٹے بڑے بیسوں رسائل ان کے قلم سے نکلے، مگر سب سے زیادہ ’’رحمۃ للعالمین‘‘ نے قبولیت حاصل کی، اسلامی مدرسوں میں داخل ہوئی، کورسوں میں شامل ہوئی، لوگوں نے ذوق و شوق سے پڑھا، خدا رحمۃ للعالمین کے مصنف کو اپنی رحمت عالم سے نوازے۔
سات آٹھ برس ہوئے کہ وہ ایک دفعہ...
غیر مسلموں کے حقوق اور انسانی جان کی حرمت : عہدِنبویﷺو خلفائےراشدین کی روشنی میں Islam guarantees the protection of life, property, honour, and dignity of all the members of society, regardless of their religion, colour, race or ethnicity. Sanctity of human life is the fundamental issue and Islam emphasized on it the most. Holy Quran declared the murder of a single person as the killing of all humanity. Islam always secured the rights of non-Muslims. Protecting the lives, dignity and property of non-Muslim living in an Islamic state is a duty of a Muslims in general and the Islamic State in particular. The manner in which the rights of non-Muslims were protected in the era of the Prophet (S.A.W) and the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs is unprecedented. The Prophet (S.A.W) gave this protection constitutional and legal status through his teachings and practice. Our Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) declared that “The one who killed any Dhmmī would not get the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be sensed at a distance of forty years journey”. In the era of the righteous caliphs, the rights of non-Muslims were also safeguarded. This article is a description of the rights of non-Muslims with reference to the sanctity of human life in Islam. It also throws light on the unique teachings of Islam regarding the fundamental rights of minorities in the period of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs. A descriptive and analytical research methodology will be used in this research to obtain results and recommendations. The expected results and recommendations of the study will guide the Muslims and non-Muslims to harmonize the social set up around the globe.
Tomato is one of the most demanding crops in terms of water and fertilizer inputs. To meet irrigation water demand, growers use surface and ground water resources. These resources are in decline. Realizing the importance of water, tomato yield under deficit irrigation regimes, and different Nitrogen (N) levels, was studied during 2015 and 2016 at the research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan, using factorial arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD). These factors were four irrigation levels; full irrigation (I0), 15% deficit (I15), 30% deficit (I30) and 45% deficit (I45); and four nitrogen doses;100% of recommended dose (120 kg ha-1) (N100), 85% of recommended dose (N85), 70% of recommended dose (N70) and 55% of recommended dose (N55). Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) was used for soil moisture monitoring. Io was based on 30% of management allowed deficit. Current study results indicated that deficit irrigation (I15, I30 and I45) had significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height, number of fruits per plant, leaf area index (LAI), total yield, marketable yield, water productivity, nitrogen uptake, Potash uptake (K) and Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Compared to I45, full irrigation enhanced, number of fruits per plant, LAI, total yield, marketable yield, N uptake, K uptake and NUE by 34, 30, 24, 25, 13, 15.5 and 24%, respectively. Water productivity was 25.8% higher for I45 compared to I0. Effect of deficit irrigation on dry-to-fresh weight ratio, days to 50% flowering, individual fruit weight and Phosphorous (P) uptake was found to be non-significant. Effect of Nitrogen doses number of fruits per plant, LAI, total yield and NUE was found to be highly significant. However, the effect on dry-to-fresh weight ratio, plant height, days to 50% flowering, individual fruit weight, marketable yield, water productivity and NPK uptake were found to be non-significant. Maximum dry-to-fresh weight ratio (0.83) was recorded for N70, maximum plant height (77.7 cm) was obtained under N85, maximum number of days to 50% flowering (42.3) were recorded for N100, highest individual fruit weight (66.6 g) was obtained in N85, while P uptake (10.2 kg ha- 1) was obtained in N85 and maximum NUE (414) was recorded for N55. Recommended dose of Nitrogen (N100) enhanced number of fruits per plant (12.6%), LAI (22.8%), total yield (8%), marketable yield (6.9%), water productivity (6.3%), N (5.3%) and K uptake (9.8%) compared to N55. Deficit irrigation increased the risk of fruit damage in tomato plants. Water productivity decreased with increasing irrigation levels. Nitrogen and potash uptake were increased with increasing irrigation levels, while phosphorous uptake was not significantly affected. Increasing irrigation and Nitrogen doses increased the risk of nitrate leaching beyond the root zone, making it unavailable for plant uptake. Full irrigation and Nitrogen (120 kg ha-1) is recommended for higher total yields, however, 45% less nitrogen can be applied through a drip irrigation system without compromising marketable yield. In areas where water is a scarce commodity, highest water productivity can be achieved with 45% deficit irrigation. Simulation of Nitrate leaching with HYDRUS-1D showed that with decreased irrigation levels below field capacity, and with the recommended dose of Nitrogen, nitrate leaching was higher than with reduced Nitrogen doses and full irrigation. Increasing irrigation levels above field capacity with recommended dose of Nitrogen showed higher nitrate leaching than increasing Nitrogen doses above recommended dose of Nitrogen and full irrigation. HYDRUS-1D can be efficiently used for nitrate leaching simulation.