قرآنی اصولوں کی روشنی میں معاشرتی استحکام

Islam is the religion of nature. It not only approves the social interaction among the masses, but also helps in its development towards positive ends. Islam has given natural and universal principles which help its followers to develop a harmonious society, discouraging all the attempts to divide the society into different sections. Islamic society is based upon the following fundamental principles i. E equality, harmony of thoughts, justice, amar-bilmaaruf-wa-nahi-anilmunkar (ask for good and forbid from evil), unity, sense of responsibility, virtue and evil, abolition of sectarianism & fulfillment of promises, reflecting the universality of the religion, Islam. Pakistan today, is facing various social problems like terrorism, corruption, poverty, unemployment, broken families, sectarianism, onslaught of western culture and demand of unrestricted liberty by womenfolk. The moral degradation of the society is due to the fact that the true Islamic spirit and moral teachings and trainings of Islam have not been applied with true mind and honest intentions. The moral values are ignored by the media which is the cause of great concern.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Tomato Germplasm Based on Morpho-Physiological Traits and Molecular Markers

Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) an important vegetable crop is reported to have very low genetic diversity. The present study was conducted to determine the extent of heritable variation in tomato germplasm. Germplasm comprised of 82 accessions including accessions of Solanum lycopersicum L. and four wild species S. chilense, S. habrochaites, S. pennellii and S.pimpinellifolium. At morpho-physiological level data was recorded for qualitative and quantitative traits from seedling to reproductive stages in 2006 and 2007. F-ratio and heritability values were high for most of the traits. Cluster analysis revealed grouping of accessions based on similarities irrespective of geographical origin. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed positive contribution of fruit traits on PC1 while vegetative and agronomic traits on PC2. Towards yield Correation studies revealed complex pattern of association. Path analysis revealed that direct selection of the genotypes with greater equatorial diameter or multiple trait selection for traits which exert indirect positive effects through fruit diameter may meet the target of yield improvement. The germplasm investigated had enough variation (>50%) which can be employed in future breeding programs for yield as well as other vital combinations. Keeping in view the results of path analysis and other statistics 19 accessions have been identified for yield enhancement program. Genetic variance of 82 genotypes was studied for seed protein profile also. Out of 23 bands one was monomorphic and 22 were polymorphic. Low polymorphism was detected and cultivar identification was not possible. Cluster analysis did not reveal differentiation either for agronomic traits or origin. In a representative sample of 39 accessions microsatellite analysis was performed employing 15 SSR markers. An average of 2.8 alleles per locus was observed. Average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) value was 0.507. From the results it is concluded that SSR markers were effective in detecting polymorphism in crops with high genetic similarity. Regarding wild species S. pimpinellifolium was distinguishable while for rest of three species it seems pertinent to conclude these as cultivated tomato not the wild species.