الشفاء بتعریف حقوقِ مصطفیٰ ﷺ کا تعارفی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ An Analytical Study of the “Al-Shifā Ba Ta‘rīf-e-Ḥuqūq-e-Muṣṭafā”

The most prominent and living name among the African biographers is Qazi Ayaz Mālkī. His book “Al-Shifā Ba Ta‘rīf-e-Ḥuqūq-e-Muṣṭafā” has an important place in the books of Sīrah and also has the status of the most popular book among all kinds of people. This book is also called Kitab-e-Shifā (meaning the one who revives hearts and heals from heart diseases). The reason for writing this book was that the people were becoming oblivious to the obligatory status and virtues of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and were becoming completely incapable of paying their dues. In these circumstances, the demand for preparation and compilation of a collection of rights and manāqibs related to it became intense and he compiled this magnificent book. On the one hand, it teaches love and respect for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and on the other hand, it mentions his rights and rewards for fulfilling them. The writing style of the book is simple and smooth as well as eloquent. The book is not so long that it would be too long for the reader to comprehend, nor is it so short that it would not be possible to get access to the concepts and demands due to its brevity. The people have made this book their favorite and have been studying it and the biographers have adopted Al-Shifā as an authoritative and reliable source. Because of its importance and usefulness, an introductory and analytical study of this book will be presented in this article.

Kras Oncogenic Mutation Pattern in Pakistani Patients Presenting With Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in a Northern Tertiary Referal Centre

Veterinary Pathology Pathology Abstract Colorectal cancer is a global disease with marked morbidity and mortality. Involvement of genetic and environmental factors produces variability in its prevalence. KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue) is one of the important genes responsible for sporadic CRC. The constitutive GTPase activity of the gene is lost when it gets mutated and so the deregulated cells undergo unrestricted proliferation leading to oncogenesis. From therapeutic point of view, patients with KRAS mutations do not benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition drugs as those who possess normal KRAS. The analysis of KRAS mutations is therefore important from both diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Diagnostic methodology and the valuable information of this study will be quite helpful in future. The objectives of this study were to document the KRAS oncogenic mutation pattern mostly in Northern Pakistani residents presenting in AFIP, Rawalpindi after their intestinal resection due to CRC. The other objective was to relate this mutation pattern with histopathological categorical variables like age, gender, presenting clinical complaint, tumor site, size, histological differentiation, modified Duke Stage of tumor, nodal metastasis and metastasis in other organs. Hundred and eighty one cases of CRC from persons residing in northern area of Pakistan were collected and observed for the above mentioned parameters. DNA was extracted from the tumors and normal tissues of all the study subjects. PCR was done for gene amplification and the status of KRAS mutations in Pakistani CRC patients was analyzed by gene sequencing. The results showed more prevalence of CRC in the males of northern areas of Pakistan. Both males and females with higher average age had high tendency to acquire CRC. Rectum was found to be the most common location of CRC, followed by sigmoid. Exophytic well differentiated adenocarcinomas were the most common form of CRC. Gene sequencing did not show even a single KRAS mutation in the tested samples. It can be inferred from this study that either there is no KRAS mutation in northern area patients suffering from CRC or the mutation frequency of this particular gene is relatively very low as compared to the results of studies reported in the literature. A wider scale study of these patients may prove the cause of CRC to be due to mutation of some other genes or may be due to some non-genetic factors.